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Biography
Use mdy dates|date=March 2011Year dab|1917Year nav|1917C20 year in topic NOTOC Year 1917 ( Roman numerals|MCMXVII ) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Sunday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar .
Events
Below, events of World War I have the "WWI" prefix.
January
January 1 & ndash; The University of Oregon defeats The University of Pennsylvania 14–0 in college football 's 3rd Annual Rose Bowl Game|Rose Bowl .
January 2 & ndash; The Royal Bank of Canada takes over Quebec Bank.
January 11 & ndash; German saboteurs set off the Kingsland Explosion at Kingsland, NJ (now Lyndhurst, NJ ), one of the events leading to U.S. involvement in WWI.
January 19 & ndash; Silvertown explosion : A blast at a munitions factory in London kills 73 and injures over 400. The resulting fire causes over Ł2,000,000 worth of damage.
January 22 & ndash; WWI: President of the United States|President Woodrow Wilson calls for "peace without victory" in Germany.
January 25
* The Virgin Islands|Danish West Indies is sold to the United States for $25 million.
* An anti- prostitution drive in San Francisco attracts huge crowds to public meetings. At one meeting attended by 7,000 people, 20,000 are kept out for lack of room. In a conference with Rev. Paul Smith, an outspoken foe of prostitution, 300 prostitutes make a plea for toleration, explaining they had been forced into the practice by poverty. When Smith asks if they will take other work at $8 to $10 a week, the ladies laugh derisively, which loses them public sympathy. The police close about 200 houses of prostitution shortly thereafter.
January 26 & ndash; The sea defences at the English village of Hallsands are breached, leading to all but one of the houses becoming uninhabitable.
January 28 & ndash; The United States ends its search for Pancho Villa .
January 30 & ndash; John J. Pershing|Pershing 's troops in Mexico begin withdrawing back to the United States . They reach Columbus, New Mexico February 5 .
January 31 & ndash; WWI: Germany announces its U-boat s will engage in unrestricted submarine warfare.
February
February 3 & ndash; WWI: The United States severs diplomatic relations with Germany .
February 5 & ndash; The new constitution of Mexico is adopted.
February 13 & ndash; Mata Hari is arrested for spy ing.
February 23 & ndash; The first International Women's Day is observed in Russia .
February 24 & ndash; WWI: United States ambassador to the United Kingdom , Walter H. Page, is shown the intercepted Zimmermann Telegram , in which Germany offers to give the American Southwest back to Mexico if Mexico declares war on the United States.
February 26 & ndash; The Original Dixieland Jass Band records their first commercial record, with the tunes " Livery Stable Blues " and "Dixie Jazz Band One Step".
March
March 1
* The U.S. government releases the plaintext of the Zimmermann Telegram to the public.
* Japanese city of Omuta, Fukuoka is founded by Hiroushi Miruku
March 2 & ndash; The enactment of the Jones-Shafroth Act|Jones Act grants Puerto Rico|Puerto Ricans United States citizenship.
March 4
* President of the United States|U.S. President Woodrow Wilson begins his second term.
* Jeannette Rankin of Montana becomes the first woman member of the United States House of Representatives .
March 8
* (N.S.) ( February 23 , O.S.) & ndash; The Russian February Revolution begins with the overthrow of the Tsar .
* Women calling for bread in Petrograd start riots, which spontaneously spread throughout the city.
* The United States Senate adopts the cloture rule in order to limit Filibuster (legislative tactic)|filibuster s.
March 10 & ndash; The Province of Batangas is formally founded as one of the Philippines ' first encomienda s.
March 11 & ndash; Mexican Revolution : Venustiano Carranza is elected president of Mexico ; the United States gives de jure recognition of his government.
March 12 & ndash; The Duma declares a provisional government.
March 15 (N.S.) ( March 2 , O.S.) & ndash; TsarNicholas II of Russia abdicates his throne for his son.
March 17 (N.S.) ( March 4 , O.S.) & ndash; Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich of Russia refuses the throne, and power passes to the newly formed Russian Provisional Government|Provisional Government under Prince Georgy Lvov .
March 25 & ndash; The Georgian Orthodox Church restores the autocephaly abolished by Imperial Russia in 1811 .
March 26 & ndash; WWI: First Battle of Gaza : British cavalry troops retreat after 17,000 Turks block their advance.
March 30 & ndash; The independence of Poland is recognizedCitation needed|date=July 2011.
March 31 & ndash; The United States takes possession of the Danish West Indies, which become the United States Virgin Islands|US Virgin Islands , after paying $25 million to Denmark.
April
April 2 & ndash; WWI: U.S. President Woodrow Wilson asks the Congress of the United States|U.S. Congress for a declaration of war on Germany.
April 6 & ndash; WWI: The United States s:Woodrow Wilson declares war on Germany|declares war on Germany .
April 9 & ndash; April 12 & ndash; WWI: Canadian troops win the Battle of Vimy Ridge .
April 10 & ndash; An ammunition factory explosion in Chester, Pennsylvania kills 133.
April 11 & ndash; WWI: Brazil severs diplomatic relations with Germany.
April 16
* Vladimir Lenin arrives in Petrograd .
* WWI: The Nivelle Offensive commences.
April 19 & ndash; WWI: The Second Battle of Gaza , a fiasco for the British, causes the dismissal of the commander of the Eastern Expeditionary Force , General Archibald Murray .
May
May 9 & ndash; WWI: The Nivelle Offensive is abandoned.
May 13
* Three peasant children claim to Marian apparitions|see the Virgin Mary above a Holm Oak tree in Cova da Iria near Fátima, Portugal .
* The nuncio Eugenio Pacelli, the future Pope Pius XII , is consecrated Archbishop by Pope Benedict XV L'Osservatore Romano, Weekly Edition in English, 12/19 August 1998, page 9
May 18 & ndash; WWI: The Selective Service Act of 1917|Selective Service Act passes the Congress of the United States|U.S. Congress , giving the President the power of conscription .
May 21 & ndash; Over 300 acres (73 blocks) are destroyed in the Great Atlanta fire of 1917 .
May 22 & ndash; Commissioned Officer Corps of the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey .
May 23 & ndash; A month of civil violence in Milan , Italy ends after the Italian army forcefully takes over the city from anarchists and anti-war revolutionaries. Fifty people are killed and 800 people are arrested.Seton-Watson, Christopher. 1967. Italy from Liberalism to Fascism: 1870 to 1925. London: Methuen & Co. Ltd. Pp. 468–9
May 26 & ndash; A tornado strikes Mattoon, Illinois , causing devastation and killing 101 people.
May 27 & ndash; WWI: Over 30,000 France|French troops refuse to go to the trenches in Missy-aux-Bois .
June
June 1 & ndash; A France|French infantry regiment seizes Missy-aux-Bois and declares an anti-war military government. Other France|French army troops soon apprehend them.
June 4 & ndash; The very first Pulitzer Prize s are awarded: Laura E. Richards , Maud Howe Elliott , and Florence Hall (Pulitzer Prize winner)|Florence Hall receive the first Pulitzer Prize|Pulitzer for a biography (for Julia Ward Howe ). Jean Jules Jusserand receives the first Pulitzer Prize|Pulitzer for history for his work With Americans of Past and Present Days. Herbert Bayard Swope receives the first Pulitzer Prize|Pulitzer for journalism for his work for the New York World .
June 5 & ndash; WWI: Conscription begins in the United States .
June 8 & ndash; A fire at the Speculator and Granite Mountain ore mine outside Butte, Montana kills at least 168 workers.
June 13 & ndash; WWI: The first major Germany|German bombing raid on London leaves 162 dead and 432 injured.
June 14 & ndash; The 2 millionth Ford Model T rolls off the line.
June 15 & ndash; The United States enacts the Espionage Act of 1917|Espionage Act .
July
July & ndash; Panama Canal Department.
July 1
* A labor dispute ignites a East St. Louis Riot|race riot in East St. Louis, Illinois , which leaves 250 dead.
* Russian General Brusilov begins a major offensive in Galicia (Central Europe)|Galicia , initially advancing towards Lemberg .
July 6
* WWI: Arabia n troops led by T. E. Lawrence capture Aqaba from the Ottoman Empire|Turks .
* WWI: A Conscription Crisis of 1917|conscription crisis in Canada leads to passage of the Military Service Act.
July 12 & ndash; The Phelps Dodge|Phelps Dodge Corporation deports over 1,000 suspected Industrial Workers of the World|IWW members from Bisbee, Arizona .
July 16 & ndash; July 17 & ndash; Russian Empire|Russian troops mutiny, abandon the Austria-Hungary|Austrian front, and retreat to the Ukraine ; hundreds are shot by their commanding officers during the retreat.
July 16 & ndash; July 18 & ndash; Serious clashes in St. Petersburg in July Days ; Lenin escapes to Finland ; Trotsky is arrested.
July 17 & ndash; King George V of the United Kingdom issues a proclamation, stating that thenceforth the male line descendants of the British Royal Family will bear the surname House of Windsor|Windsor , vice the Germanic bloodline of House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha , which is an offshoot of the historic (800+ years) House of Wettin .
July 20
* The Parliament of Finland declares itself holder of sovereignty in the Grand Principality of Finland .
* The Corfu Declaration , which enabled the establishment of the post-war Kingdom of Yugoslavia , is signed by the Yugoslav Committee and the Kingdom of Serbia .
* ( July 7 , O.S.) & ndash; Alexander Kerensky becomes premier of the Russian Provisional Government , replacing Prince Georgy Lvov .
July 20 & ndash; July 28 & ndash; WWI: Austria-Hungary|Austrian and German Empire|German forces repulse the Russian Empire|Russian advance into Galicia (Central Europe)|Galicia .
July 25 & ndash; Sir William Thomas White introduces the first income tax in Canada as a "temporary" measure (lowest bracket is 4% and highest is 25%).
July 28 & ndash; The Silent Protest is organized by the NAACP in New York to protest the East St. Louis Riot of July 2 , as well as lynchings in Texas and Tennessee .
July 31 & ndash; WWI: The Battle of Passchendaele : Allied offensive operations commence in Flanders.
August
August & ndash; The Green Corn Rebellion , an uprising by several hundred farmers against the WWI draft, takes place in central Oklahoma .
August 2 & ndash; Edwin Harris Dunning|Squadron Commander E.H. Dunning http://www.royal-navy.mod.uk/server/show/nav.3919 lands his aircraft on the shipHMS|Furious|47|6 in Scapa Flow , Orkney . He is killed 5 days later during another landing on the ship.
August 3 & ndash; The New York Guard is founded.
August 10 & ndash; A general strike begins in Spain; it is smashed after 3 days with 70 left dead, hundreds of wounded and 2,000 arrests.
August 17 & ndash; One of English literature's important meetings takes place when Wilfred Owen introduces himself to Siegfried Sassoon at the Craiglockhart Hydropathic|Craiglockhart War Hospital in Edinburgh .
August 18 & ndash; The Great Thessaloniki Fire of 1917 in Greece destroys 32% of the city, leaving 70,000 individuals homeless.
August 29 & ndash; WWI: The Military Service Act (Canada)|Military Service Act is passed in the Canadian House of Commons , giving the Government of Canada the right to conscript men into the army.
October
October 12 & ndash; WWI: The biggest loss of life in a single day for New Zealand . Over 800 men and 45 officers were killed at the First Battle of Passchendaele , roughly 1 in 1000 of the nation's population at the time.
October 15 & ndash; WWI: At Vincennes outside of Paris , Dutch people|Dutch dancer Mata Hari is executed by firing squad for espionage|spying for Germany .
October 19 & ndash; Dallas Love Field|Love Field in Dallas, Texas is opened.
October 25 (O.S.) & ndash; (traditional beginning date of the Bolshevik Revolution ).
October 26 & ndash; WWI: Brazil History of Brazil (1889–1930)#Brazil_in_World_War_I|declares war against the Central Powers .
November
November 2 & ndash; Zionism : The Balfour Declaration of 1917|Balfour Declaration proclaims British support for the "establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people" with the clear understanding "that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities".
November 6
* WWI: Battle of Passchendaele : After 3 months of fierce fighting, Canadian forces take Passendale|Passchendaele in Belgium .
* Militants from Trotsky's committee join with trusty Bolshevik soldiers to seize government buildings and pounce on members of the provisional government.
November 7
* (N.S.) ( October 25 O.S.) & ndash; October Revolution : The workers of St. Petersburg|Petrograd in Russia , led by the Bolshevik leader Vladimir Lenin , attack and successfully destroy the Aleksandr Kerensky|Kerensky Russian Provisional Government|Provisional Government which results in Russia officially becoming Communism|communist .
* History of Iran|Iran (which provided weapons for Russia ) refuses to support the Allied Forces after the October Revolution .
* WWI & ndash; Third Battle of Gaza : United Kingdom forces capture Gaza from the Ottoman Empire .
November 15
* In the United States , a "Night of Terror" results in the injury of several influential suffragettes.
* Finland takes a step towards full sovereignty , ending the personal union with Russia .
November 16
* United Kingdom|British troops occupy Tel Aviv and Jaffa in Palestine .
* Georges Clemenceau becomes prime minister of France .
November 17 & ndash; The People's Dispensary for Sick Animals is founded in the United Kingdom .
November 20
* WWI & ndash; Battle of Cambrai (1917)|Battle of Cambrai : British forces make early progress in an attack on German positions but are soon beaten back.
* The Ukraine is declared a republic.
November 22 & ndash; In Montreal , Canada , the National Hockey Association breaks up.
November 23 & ndash; The Bolsheviks release the full text of the previously secret Sykes-Picot Agreement in Izvestia and Pravda ; it is subsequently printed in the Manchester Guardian on November 26.
November 24 & ndash; In Milwaukee , Wisconsin , 9 members of the Milwaukee Police Department are killed by a bomb, the most fatal single event in U.S. police history until the September 11, 2001 attacks .
November 25 & ndash; WWI:German forces defeat Portuguese army of about 1200 at Negomano on the border of modern-day Mozambique and Tanzania .
November 26 & ndash; The National Hockey League is formed as a replacement for the recently disbanded National Hockey Association .
November 28 & ndash; The Bolshevik s offer peace terms to the Germany|Germans .
November 29 & ndash; Don Cossacks declare the Don Republic , which lasts two weeks.
December
December 3 & ndash; After nearly 20 years of planning and construction, the Quebec Bridge opens to traffic (the bridge partially collapsed on August 29 , 1907 and September 11 , 1916).
December 6
* Finland declares independence from Russia.
* Halifax Explosion : Two freighters collide in Halifax Harbour at City of Halifax|Halifax , Nova Scotia and cause a huge explosion that kills at least 1,963 people, injures 9,000 and destroys part of the city (until the Trinity (nuclear test)|Trinity nuclear weapons testing|nuclear test , the biggest manmade explosion in recorded history).
December 11 & ndash; British troops take Jerusalem from the Ottoman Empire in the Battle of Jerusalem (1917)|Battle of Jerusalem .
December 25 & ndash; Why Marry? , the first dramatic play to win a Pulitzer Prize , opens at the Astor Theatre (New York)|Astor Theatre in New York City .
December 26 & ndash; United States president Woodrow Wilson uses the Federal Possession and Control Act to place most U.S. railroad s under the United States Railroad Administration , hoping to more efficiently transport troops and materials for the war effort.
Date unknown
The Lions Clubs International is formed.
J.R.R. Tolkien begins writing the original The Book of Lost Tales|Book of Lost Tales (the first version of The Silmarillion ); thus Middle-earth is first written about in this year.
Female suffrage is enacted in the Netherlands .
The True Jesus Church is established in Beijing .
The first of the Cottingley Fairies photos are taken.
A cholera outbreak kills several Germany|German prisoners-of-war being held at Shankend in Scotland .
Births
January& ndash;February
January 2 & ndash; Vera Zorina , German dancer and actress (d. 2003 )
January 3 & ndash; Roger W. Straus, Jr. , American publisher (d. 2004 )
January 4 & ndash; Jesse White (actor)|Jesse White , American actor (d. 1997 )
January 5
* Adolfo Consolini , Italian discus thrower (d. 1969 )
* Francis L. Kellogg , U.S. diplomat and prominent socialite (d. 2006 )
* Lucienne Day , textile designer (d. 2010 )
* Jane Wyman , American actress, philanthropist, and first wife of Ronald Reagan ( Falcon Crest ) (d. 2007 )
January 6 & ndash; Koo Chen-fu , Nationalist Chinese negotiator (d. 2005 )
January 10 & ndash; Jerry Wexler , American record producer (d. 2008 )
January 12
* Jimmy Skinner , Detroit Red Wings head coach (d. 2007 )
* Maharishi Mahesh Yogi , transcendental meditation guru, most notably to The Beatles (d. 2008 )
January 16 & ndash; Carl Karcher , American founder of the ''Carl's Jr. hamburger chain (d. 2008 )
January 17 & ndash; M. G. Ramachandran , Tamil Nadu chief minister and actor. (d. 1987 )
January 19
* John Raitt , American actor and singer (d. 2005 )
* Graham Higman , British mathematician (d. 2008 )
January 24 & ndash; Ernest Borgnine , American actor
January 25 & ndash; Ilya Prigogine , Russian-born physicist and chemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (d. 2003 )
January 26 & ndash; William Verity Jr. , American politician (d. 2007 )
February 1 & ndash; James Harry Lacey|Squadron Leader James "Ginger" Lacey , the top scoring RAF fighter pilot during the Battle of Britain (d. 1989 )
August 3 & ndash; Stephane Javelle , French astronomer (b. 1864 )
August 13 & ndash; Eduard Buchner , German chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1860 )
August 20 & ndash; Adolf von Baeyer , German chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1835 )
August 30 & ndash; Alan Leo , British astrologer (b. 1860 )
September 9 & ndash; Madge Syers , British figure skater (b. 1881 )
September 11 & ndash; Georges Guynemer , French WWI Fighter Ace (b. 1894 )
September 15 & ndash; Kurt Wolff (aviator)|Kurt Wolff , German WWI Fighter Ace (b. 1895 )
September 23 & ndash; Werner Voss , German WWI Fighter Ace (b. 1897 )
September 27 & ndash; Edgar Degas , French painter (b. 1834 )
October 13 & ndash; Florence La Badie , Canadian actress (b. 1888 )
October 15 & ndash; Mata Hari , Dutch dancer and spy (executed) (b. 1876 )
October 17 & ndash; Bobby Atherton , Welsh footballer (b. 1876 )
October 23 & ndash; Eugčne Grasset , Swiss artist (b. 1845 )
October 27 & ndash; Arthur Rhys Davids , British WWI Fighter Ace (b. 1897 )
October 28 & ndash; Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein (b. 1831 )
November 8 & ndash; Colin Blythe , English cricketer (b. 1879 )
November 11 & ndash; Queen Liliuokalani of Hawai'i (b. 1838 )
November 15 & ndash; Émile Durkheim , French sociologist (b. 1858 )
November 17
* Neil James Archibald Primrose , MP (killed in action) (b. 1882 )
* Auguste Rodin , French sculptor (b. 1840 )
December 8 & ndash; Mendele Moykher Sforim , Russian Yiddish and Hebrew writer (b. 1836 )
December 10 & ndash; Mackenzie Bowell , Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1823 )
December 12 & ndash; Andrew Taylor Still , American father of osteopathy (b. 1828 )
December 19 & ndash; Richard Maybery , British WWI Fighter Ace (b. 1895 )
December 20 & ndash; Eric Campbell (actor)|Eric Campbell , Scottish actor (b. 1879 )
December 22 & ndash; Frances Xavier Cabrini , First American canonized as a saint (b. 1850 )
December 28 & ndash; Alfred Edwin McKay , Canadian WWI Fighter Ace (b. 1892 )
Nobel Prizes
Nobel Prize in Physics|Physics & ndash; Charles Glover Barkla
Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Chemistry & ndash; not awarded
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Medicine & ndash; not awarded
Nobel Prize in Literature|Literature & ndash; Karl Adolph Gjellerup , Henrik Pontoppidan
Nobel Peace Prize|Peace & ndash; International Committee of the Red Cross
References
Reflist
American Year Book: 1917 (1918), large compendium of facts about the U.S. http://books.google.com/books? id=2Y4cAAAAMAAJ& source=gbs_navlinks_s online complete edition
