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Use mdy dates|date=March 2011Year dab|1985Year nav|1985C20 year in topic 1985 ( Roman numerals|MCMLXXXV ) was a common year starting on Tuesday|common year that started on a Tuesday , in accordance with the Gregorian calendar . The year 1985 was designated as the International Youth Year by the United Nations .
Events
January
January 10 & ndash; Kenya recognizes the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR).
January 15 & ndash; Tancredo Neves is elected president of Brazil by the Congress, ending the 21-year military rule.
January 17 & ndash; British Telecom announces it is going to phase out its famous red telephone box es.
January 20 & ndash; President of the United States|U.S. President Ronald Reagan is privately sworn in for a second term in office (publicly sworn in, January 21).
January 27 & ndash; Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) formed.
January 28 & ndash; In Hollywood , California , the charity single " We Are the World " is recorded by USA for Africa .
February
February 5 & ndash; Australia cancels its involvement in U.S. -led MX missile tests.
February 9 & ndash; U.S. drug agent Enrique Camarena Salazar|Enrique Camarena is kidnapped and murdered in Mexico (his body is discovered March 5 ).
February 10 & ndash; Nelson Mandela rejects an offer of freedom from the South Africa n government.
February 14 & ndash; CNN reporter Jeremy Levin is freed from captivity in Lebanon .cite news|title=U.S. TV Reporter Free In Lebanon|work= The New York Times |url= http://www.nytimes.com/1985/02/15/world/us-tv-reporter-free-in-lebanon.html? scp=16& sq=%22Jeremy%20Levin%20%22& st=cse|date=1985-02-15|accessdate=2009-10-15|first=John|last=Kifner
February 16 & ndash; Israel begins withdrawing troops from Lebanon .
February 19
* William J. Schroeder becomes the first artificial heart patient to leave the hospital .
* China Airlines Flight 006 is involved in a mid-air incident; while there are two injuries, no one is killed.
February 20 & ndash; Minolta releases the Maxxum 7000 , world's first autofocus single-lens reflex camera .
February 27 & ndash; Colombia recognizes the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR).
February 28 & ndash; The Provisional Irish Republican Army carries out a 1985 Newry mortar attack|mortar attack on the Royal Ulster Constabulary police station at Newry , killing 9 officers in the highest loss of life for the RUC on a single day.
March
March 3 & ndash; An 8.0 on the Richter magnitude scale 1985 Santiago earthquake|earthquake hits Santiago, Chile|Santiago and Valparaíso in Chile leaving 177 dead, 2,575 hurt, 142,489 destroyed houses and about a million people homeless.
March 4 & ndash; The Food and Drug Administration approves a blood test for AIDS , used since then to screen all blood donation s in the United States.
March 8 & ndash; A 1985 Beirut car bombing|Beirut car bomb , planted in an attempt to assassinate Islamic cleric Mohammad Hussein Fadlallah|Sayyed Mohammad Hussein Fadlallah , kills more than eighty people, injuring two hundred.
March 11
* Mikhail Gorbachev becomes General Secretary of the Soviet Communist Party and de facto leader of the Soviet Union .
* Mohammed Al Fayed buys the London-based department store company Harrods .
March 14 & ndash; Five lion esses at the Singapore Zoo are put on birth control after the lion population increases from two to sixteen.
March 15 & ndash; Vice-President Jose Sarney , upon becoming vice president, assumes the duties of president of Brazil , as the new president Tancredo Neves had become severely ill, the day before. Sarney would be become Brazils first civilian president in 21 years, upon Neves' death 21 April.
March 16 & ndash; Associated Press reporter Terry A. Anderson|Terry Anderson is taken hostage in Beirut (he is released on December 4, 1991).
March 17 & ndash; Expo '85 , a Expo (exhibition)|World's Fair , is held in Tsukuba, Ibaraki , Japan , until September 16 .
March 21 & ndash; Canadian paraplegic athlete and activist Rick Hansen sets out on his 40,000& nbsp;km, 26 month Man in Motion tour which raises $26M for spinal cord research and quality of life initiatives.
March 23 & ndash; OCAM dissolved.
March 25 & ndash; The 57th Academy Awards are held at in Los Angeles, California with Amadeus (film)|Amadeus winning Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture .
March 31 & ndash; WrestleMania (1985)|WrestleMania debuts at Madison Square Garden .
April
April 1
* Two Japan ese government-owned corporation s, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Public Corporation, and Japan Tobacco and Salt Public Corporation, are privatization|privatized and change their names to Nippon Telegraph and Telephone , and Japan Tobacco .
* Eighth seeded Villanova Wildcats men's basketball|Villanova defeats national powerhouse Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball|Georgetown 66–64 to win the first 64 team field NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship|NCAA Tournament in Lexington, Kentucky .
April 11 & ndash; The USS Coral Sea collides with the Ecuadorian tanker ship Napo off the coast of Cuba.
April 12 & ndash; 1985 El Descanso bombing|El Descanso bombing : A terrorist bombing attributed to the Islamic Jihad Organization in the El Descanso restaurant near Madrid , Spain , mostly attended by U.S. personnel of the Madrid-Torrejón Airport|Torrejon Air Force Base , causes 18 dead (all Spaniards) and 82 injured.
April 15 & ndash; South Africa ends its ban on Interracial couple|interracial marriage s.
April 18 & ndash; The United Kingdom has its first ever national Glow-worm day.
April 19 & ndash; The U.S.S.R performs a nuclear weapon|nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan .
April 21 & ndash; Brazilian President Tancredo Neves dies, he is succeeded by Vice President Jose Sarney .
April 23 & ndash; Coca-Cola changes its formula and releases New Coke . (The response is overwhelmingly negative, and the original formula is back on the market in less than 3 months.)
April 28 & ndash; The Australia n Nuclear Disarmament Party (NDP) splits.
May 5 & ndash; U.S. President Ronald Reagan joins German Chancellor Helmut Kohl for a controversial funeral service at a cemetery in Bitburg , Germany , which includes the graves of 59 elite Schutzstaffel|S.S. troops from World War II .
May 11
* The FBI brings charges against the suspected heads of the five Mafia families in New York City .
* Bradford City stadium fire|Fire engulfs a wooden stand at the Valley Parade stadium in Bradford , England , during a Association football|football match, killing 56.
May 13 & ndash; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Mayor Wilson Goode orders police to storm the radical group MOVE 's headquarters to end a stand-off. The police drop an explosive device into the headquarters, killing eleven MOVE members and destroying the homes of 61 city residents in the resulting fire.
May 15 & ndash; An explosive device sent by the Unabomber injures John Hauser at University of California, Berkeley .
May 16 & ndash; Scientists of the British Antarctic Survey announce discovery of the Ozone depletion|ozone hole .cite book|title=Penguin Pocket On This Day|publisher=Penguin Reference Library|isbn=0-14-102715-0|year=2006cite journal|title=Large losses of total ozone in Antarctica reveal seasonal ClOx/NOx interaction|url= http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v315/n6016/pdf/315207a0.pdf|pages=207–10|authors= Joe Farman|Farman, J. C. ; Brian G. Gardiner|Gardiner, B. G. ; Jon Shanklin|Shanklin, J. D. |journal= Nature (journal)|Nature |year=1985|doi=10.1038/315207a0|volume=315|issue=6016|bibcode=1985Natur.315..207Fcite journal|doi=10.1111/j.1533-8525.1994.tb00419.x|first=Stephen C.|last=Zehr|title=Accounting for the Ozone Hole: Scientific Representations of an Anomaly and Prior Incorrect Claims in Public Settings|journal=The Sociological Quarterly|volume=35|pages=603–19|year=1994|jstor=4121521
May 19 & ndash; John Anthony Walker Jr., is arrested by the FBI for passing classified Naval communications to the Soviet Union .
May 23 & ndash; Thomas Patrick Cavanaugh is sentenced to life in prison for attempting to sell stealth bomber secrets to the Soviet Union.
May 25 & ndash; Bangladesh is hit by a tropical cyclone and storm surge , which kills approximately 10,000 people.
May 29 & ndash; Heysel Disaster : 38 spectators are killed in rioting on the terraces during the UEFA Champions League|European Cup final between Liverpool F.C. and Juventus at Heysel Stadium in Brussels , Belgium .
May 31 & ndash; Forty-one 1985 United States-Canadian tornado outbreak|tornado es hit in Ohio , Pennsylvania , New York and Ontario , killing 76.
June
June 13 & ndash; In Auburn, Washington , police defuse a Unabomber bomb sent to Boeing .
June 14
* TWA Flight 847 , carrying 153 passengers from Athens to Rome , is hijacked by a Hezbollah fringe group. One passenger, United States Navy|U.S. Navy Petty Officer Robert Stethem , is killed.
* Schengen Agreement signed between certain member states of the European Economic Community , creating the Schengen Area , a bloc of (at this time) five states with no internal border controls.
June 17 & ndash; John Hendricks launches the Discovery Channel in the United States .
June 23 & ndash; Air India Flight 182 , a Boeing 747 , blows up 31,000 feet (9,500 m) above the Atlantic Ocean , south of Ireland , killing all 329 aboard.
June 24 & ndash; STS-51-G : Space Shuttle Discovery completes its mission, best remembered for having Sultan bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud , the first Arab and first Muslim in space, as a Payload Specialist .
June 25 & ndash; Irish police foil a Provisional Irish Republican Army -sponsored 'mainland bombing campaign' which targeted luxury vacationing resorts.
June 27 & ndash; U.S. Route 66 is officially decommissioned.
July
July 3 & ndash; Back to the Future opens in American theatres and ends up being the 1985 in film|highest grossing film of 1985 in the United States and the first film in the successful Back to the Future trilogy|franchise .
July 4 & ndash; Ruth Lawrence , 13, achieves a first in mathematics at Oxford University , becoming the youngest United Kingdom|British person ever to earn a first-class academic degree|degree and the youngest known graduate of Oxford University.
July 10 & ndash; The Greenpeace vessel Rainbow Warrior (1978)|Rainbow Warrior is sinking of the Rainbow Warrior|bombed and sunk in Auckland, New Zealand|Auckland harbour by France|French Direction Générale de la Sécurité Extérieure|DGSE agents.
July 13
* Live Aid pop concerts in London and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Philadelphia raise over £50 million for famine relief in Ethiopia .
* U.S. Vice President George H.W. Bush serves as Acting President of the United States|Acting President for 8 hours, while President Ronald W. Reagan undergoes Colorectal cancer|colon cancer surgery.
July 19
* U.S. Vice President George H.W. Bush announces that New Hampshire teacher Christa McAuliffe will become the first schoolteacher to ride aboard the Space Shuttle Space Shuttle Challenger|Challenger .
* The Val di Stava Dam collapse|Val di Stava Dam in Italy collapses.
July 20 & ndash; State President of South Africa , P. W. Botha , declares a state of emergency in 36 magisterial districts of South Africa amid growing civil unrest in black townships.
July 23 & ndash; Commodore International|Commodore launches the Amiga personal computer at the Lincoln Center in New York .
July 31 & ndash; Liberia recognizes the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR).
August
August 2 & ndash; Delta Air Lines Flight 191 crashes near Dallas, Texas , killing 137 people.
August 6 & ndash; In Hiroshima , tens of thousands mark the 40th anniversary of the atomic bomb ing of the city.
August 7 & ndash; Takao Doi , Mamoru Mohri and Chiaki Mukai are chosen to be Japan 's first astronaut s.
August 12 & ndash; Japan Airlines Flight 123 crashes in Japan , killing 520 people (the worst single-aircraft disaster in history).
August 22 & ndash; British Airtours Flight 28M The 737's left engine caught fire while on its take off roll, 55 people are killed while trying to evacuate the aircraft.
August 25 & ndash; Samantha Smith , "Goodwill Ambassador" between the Soviet Union and the United States for writing a letter to Yuri Andropov about nuclear war , and eventually visiting the Soviet Union at Andropov's request, dies in the Bar Harbor Airlines Flight 1808 plane crash. She was 13.
August 31
* Richard Ramirez , the serial killer known as the Night Stalker, is captured in Los Angeles .
September
September 1
* The wreck of RMS Titanic|The wreck of RMS Titanic ( 1912 ) in the North Atlantic is located by a joint American-French expedition led by Dr. Robert Ballard ( Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution|WHOI ) and Jean-Louis Michel (oceanographer)|Jean-Louis Michel ( Ifremer ) using side-scan sonar from RV Knorr|RV Knorr .cite web|title=Sept. 2, 1985: Hey, Everyone, We Found the Titanic |first=Randy|last=Alfred|url= http://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2008/09/dayintech_0902|date=2008-02-09|accessdate=2011-11-03|work=Wiredcite journal|title=How We Found the Titanic |first=Robert D.|last=Ballard|journal= National Geographic (magazine)|National Geographic |month=December|year=1985|volume=168|issue=6|pages=696–718
* India recognizes the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic .
September 6 & ndash; Midwest Express Airlines Flight 105 , a Douglas DC-9 , crashes just after takeoff from Milwaukee, Wisconsin , killing 31.
September 19 & ndash; An 8.1 Richter magnitude scale|Richter scale 1985 Mexico City earthquake|earthquake strikes Mexico City . Around 10,000 people are killed, 30,000 injured, and 95,000 left homeless.
September 20 & ndash; The capital gains tax is introduced to Australia . http://www.ato.gov.au/content/00208572.htm http://www.ato.gov.au/businesses/content.aspx? doc=/content/64155.htm
September 22 & ndash; The Plaza Accord is signed by five nations.
September 23 & ndash; Italian crime reporter Giancarlo Siani is killed by Camorra .
September 28 & ndash; 1985 Brixton race riot|Brixton race riot s are sparked with the shooting of Dorothy 'Cherry' Groce by the Metropolitan Police in Brixton , an area of South London , England .
October
October 1 & ndash; The Israel i air force Hammam Beach raid|bombs Palestine Liberation Organization|PLO Headquarters near Tunis .
October 3 & ndash; The first flight of Space Shuttle Atlantis .
October 4 & ndash; The Free Software Foundation is founded in Massachusetts , USA .
October 7 & ndash; The cruise ship MS Achille Lauro|Achille Lauro is hijacked in the Mediterranean Sea by 4 heavily armed Palestinian terrorists. One passenger, American Leon Klinghoffer , is killed.
October 18 & ndash; The Nintendo Entertainment System , including the Super Mario Bros. pack-in game is released.
November
November 5 & ndash; Mark Kaylor defeats Errol Christie to become the middleweight boxing champion, after the two brawl in front of the cameras at the weigh-in.
November 12 & ndash; A total solar eclipse Solar eclipse of November 12, 1985|occurs over Antarctica at 14:11:22 UTC.
November 13 & ndash; Nevado del Ruiz volcano erupts, killing an estimated 23,000 people, including 21,000 killed by lahar s in the town of Armero tragedy|Armero , Colombia .
November 18 & ndash; The comic strip Calvin and Hobbes debuts in 35 newspapers.
November 19 & ndash; Cold War : In Geneva , U.S. President Ronald Reagan and Soviet Union leader Mikhail Gorbachev meet for the first time.
November 20 & ndash; Microsoft Corporation releases the first version of Windows, Windows 1.0 .
November 23 & ndash; EgyptAir Flight 648 is hijacked by the Abu Nidal group and flown to Malta , where Egypt ian commandos storm the plane; 60 are killed by gunfire and explosions.
November 25 & ndash; 1985 "Aeroflot" Antonov An-12 crash|“Aeroflot” Antonov AN-12 cargo airplane in route from Cuito Cuanavale to Luanda was shot down by South African Special Forces Brigade|South African Special Forces and crashed approximately 43& nbsp;km of Menongue , the provincial center of the Cuando Cubango province, Angola , killing 8 crew members and 13 passengers on board.
November 26 & ndash; U.S. President Ronald Reagan sells the rights to his autobiography to Random House for a record US$3 million.
November 29 & ndash; Gerard Hoarau, exiled political leader from the Seychelles , is assassinated in London .
December
December 1
* Ibero-American States Organization for Education, Science and Culture (Organización de Estados Iberoamericanos para la Educación la Ciencia y la Cultura) (OEI) created.
* The Ford Taurus and Mercury Sable are released for sale to the public.
December 8 & ndash; South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) established.
December 12 & ndash; Arrow Air Flight 1285 , a Douglas DC-8 , crashes after takeoff in Gander International Airport|Gander , Newfoundland and Labrador|Newfoundland , killing 256, 248 of whom were United States|U.S. servicemen returning to Fort Campbell, Kentucky from overseeing a peacekeeping force in Sinai Peninsula|Sinai .
December 16 & ndash; In New York City , Mafia bosses Paul Castellano and Thomas Bilotti are shot dead in front of Spark's Steak House, making hit organizer John Gotti the leader of the powerful Gambino (disambiguation)|Gambino organized crime family.
December 24 & ndash; Right wing extremist David Lewis Rice murders civil rights Lawyer|attorney Charles Goldmark as well as Goldmark's wife and 2 children in Seattle . Rice suspected the family of being Jewish and Communist and claimed his dedication to the Christian Identity movement drove him to the crime.
December 27
* Rome and Vienna airport attacks : Abu Nidal terrorists open fire in the airport s of Rome and Vienna , leaving 18 dead and 120 injured.
* American naturalist Dian Fossey is found murdered in Rwanda .
Date unknown
The Australia n state of Victoria (Australia)|Victoria celebrates its 150th anniversary.
Harold Kroto , Robert Curl and Richard Smalley discover C60, soon followed by their discovery of fullerene s.
The GNU Manifesto is first written by Richard Stallman .
Western Sahara is admitted to the Organization of African Unity ; Morocco , which claims Western Sahara, leaves in protest.
Solarquest , the space age real estate game, is first published by Golden.
Norma Phillips Thornworth is elected president of Mothers Against Drunk Driving .
ATI Technologies is founded.
NeXT is founded by Steve Jobs after he resigns from Apple Computer .
The Tommy Hilfiger brand is established.
The computer game Tetris is released.
DNA is first used in a criminal case.cite book |last=Gaines |first=Larry |authorlink= |coauthors=Miller, LeRoy |title=Criminal Justice In Action: The Core |year=2006 |publisher=Thomson/Wadsworth |location= |isbn=0-495-00305-0
Greenland leaves the European Union .
Multiple cases of espionage in the United States prompt the media to label this 1985: The Year of the Spy|"The Year of the Spy" .
Africa has a population growth & ndash; 3.2% per year.
The Asian tiger mosquito , an invasive species , is first found in Houston, Texas .
The 1984& ndash;1985 famine in Ethiopia|Famine in Ethiopia continues; USA for Africa (" We Are the World ") and Live Aid raise funds for famine relief .
World population
World population
1985
1980
1990
Births
January
January 1
* Steven Davis , Northern Irish footballer
* Lopez Lomong , American Olympic runner, born in Sudan
* Deivson Rogerio da Silva , Brazilian footballer
January 2
* Heather O'Reilly , US Women's national soccer player
* Teng Haibin , Chinese gymnast
January 3
* John David Booty , American football quarterback, University of Southern California|USC
* Louisa Ghijs , Belgian stage actress and wife of Johannes Heesters (b. 1902)
July 21 & ndash; Alvah Cecil Bessie , American screenwriter, one of the Hollywood Ten (b. 1904 )
July 22 & ndash; Matti Järvinen (javelin)|Matti Järvinen , Finnish athlete (b. 1909 )
July 23
* Kay Kyser , American bandleader (b. 1905 )
* Mickey Shaughnessy , American actor (b. 1920 )
July 25 & ndash; Grant Williams , American actor (b. 1931 )
July 27 & ndash; John Scarne , American magician and card expert (b. 1903 )
August
August 1 & ndash; Helene Engelmann , Austrian figure skater (b. 1898 )
August 2 & ndash; Frank Faylen , American actor (b. 1905 )
August 6 & ndash; Forbes Burnham , President of Guyana (b. 1923 )
August 8 & ndash; Louise Brooks , American actress (b. 1906 )
August 10 & ndash; Kenny Baker (entertainer)|Kenny Baker , American actor and singer (b. 1912 )
August 12
* Manfred Winkelhock , German race car driver (b. 1951 )
* Kyu Sakamoto , Japanese singer, well known by his most famous song, " Sukiyaki (song)|Sukiyaki ", killed in the crash of Japan Airlines Flight 123 (b. 1941 )
August 14 & ndash; Gale Sondergaard , American actor (b. 1899 )
August 15 & ndash; Lester Cole , American screenwriter, one of the Hollywood Ten (b. 1904 )
August 22 & ndash; Paul Peter Ewald , German-born American crystallographer and physicist (b. 1888 )
August 24 & ndash; Morrie Ryskind , American dramatist (b. 1895 )
August 25 & ndash; Samantha Smith , American schoolgirl activist (b. 1972 )
August 28 & ndash; Ruth Gordon , American actress (b. 1896 )
August 29 & ndash; Evelyn Ankers , British actress (b. 1918 )
August 30 & ndash; Taylor Caldwell , Anglo-American writer (b. 1900 )
August 31 & ndash; Frank Macfarlane Burnet , Australian biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1899 )
September
September 1 & ndash; Stefan Bellof , race car driver and 1984 World SportsCars ( Group C ) Champion (b. 1957 )
