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Use mdy dates|date=March 2011Year dab|1990Year nav|1990C20 year in topic 1990 ( Roman numerals|MCMXC ) was a common year starting on Monday|common year that started on a Monday . In the Gregorian calendar , it was the 1990th year of the Common Era , or of Anno Domini ; the 990th year of the 2nd millennium ; the 90th year of the 20th century ; and the 1st year of the 1990s . It is often considered the final year of the Cold War era.
Events
January
January 1 - Glasgow starts its year as European City of Culture.
January 3 United States invasion of Panama : General Manuel Noriega , the deposed " Strongman (politics)|strongman of Panama ", surrenders to Military of the United States|American forces .
January 4 Two trains collide in Sangi, Pakistan , killing between 200 and 300 people and injuring an estimated 700 others.
January 7 The Leaning Tower of Pisa is closed to the public because of safety concerns.
January 9 Uganda n Lt. Gen. Bazilio Olara-Okello , who led a coup against Dr. Apolo Milton Obote 's government, dies in Ormduruman Hospital in Khartoum , Sudan .
January 10 Time Warner is formed from the merger of Time Inc. and Warner Communications Inc.
January 11 Cold War : In Lithuania , 300,000 demonstrate for independence.
January 15 Thousands storm the Stasi headquarters in Berlin in an attempt to view their government records.
January 20 Cold War : Soviet troops occupy Baku , Azerbaijan , under the state of emergency decree issued by Soviet premier Mikhail Gorbachev and kill over 130 and wound over 700 protesters for national independence. http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/rights/articles/pp021603.shtml EurasiaNet Human Rights Notes from Baku: Black January
January 22 Robert Tappan Morris, Jr. is convicted of releasing the Morris worm .
January 25 Avianca Flight 52 crashes into Cove Neck, Long Island, after a miscommunication between the flight crew and John F. Kennedy Airport|JFK Airport officials, killing 73 people on board.
January 25 January 26 The Burns' Day storm kills 97 in northwestern Europe.
January 27 The city of Tiraspol in the Moldavian SSR briefly declares independence.
January 29 The trial of Joseph Hazelwood , former skipper of the Exxon Valdez|Exxon Valdez , begins in Anchorage, Alaska . He is accused of negligence that resulted in America's second worst Exxon Valdez oil spill|oil spill to date.
January 31 The first McDonald's in Moscow , Russia opens.
February
February 2 Apartheid : In South Africa , President F.W. de Klerk allows the African National Congress to legally function again and promises to free Nelson Mandela .
February 5 Manuel Fraga becomes the president of Galicia (Spain)|Galicia , Spain .
February 10 South Africa n President of South Africa|President F.W. de Klerk announces that Nelson Mandela will be released the next day.
February 11 Nelson Mandela is released from Victor Verster Prison, near Cape Town , South Africa , after 27 years behind bars.
February 13
* German reunification : An agreement is reached for a two-stage plan to reunite Germany .
February 14 The Pale Blue Dot picture was sent back from the Voyager 1 probe after completing its primary mission. It was around 3.5 billion miles away from earth.
February 15 The United Kingdom and Argentina restore diplomatic relations after 8 years. The UK had severed ties in response to Argentina 's invasion of the Falkland Islands , a British overseas territories|British Dependent Territory , in 1982 .
February 26
* The Sandinista s are defeated in the Nicaragua n elections.
* The USSR agrees to withdraw all 73,500 troops from Czechoslovakia by July, 1991 .
February 27 Exxon Valdez oil spill|Exxon Valdez oil spill : Exxon and its shipping company are indicted on 5 criminal counts.
March
March 1
* A fire at the Sheraton Hotel in Cairo , Egypt , kills 16 people.
* Steve Jackson Games is raided by the U.S. Secret Service , prompting the later formation of the Electronic Frontier Foundation .
* The Royal New Zealand Navy discontinues its daily rum ration.
March 6 An SR-71 sets a U.S. transcontinental speed record of 1 hour 8& nbsp;minutes 17& nbsp;seconds, on what is publicized as its last official flight.
March 9
* Police seal off Brixton in South London after another poll tax riots|night of protests against the poll tax .
* Newfoundland and Labrador Premier Clyde Wells confirms he will rescind Newfoundland's approval of the Meech Lake Accord .
March 10 Eighteen months after seizing power in a September 1988 Haitian coup d'ιtat|coup , Prosper Avril is ousted in Haiti .
March 11
* Cold War : Lithuania declares independence from the Soviet Union with the Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania .
* Patricio Aylwin is sworn in as the first democratically elected Chile an president since 1970 .
March 15
* Iraq hangs United Kingdom|British journalist Farzad Bazoft for spying. Daphne Parish, a British nurse, is sentenced to 15 years' imprisonment as an accomplice.
* Mikhail Gorbachev is elected as the first executive president of the Soviet Union .
* Cold War : The Soviet Union announces that Lithuania 's declaration of independence is invalid.
March 18
* Twelve paintings, collectively worth $100 to $300 million, are stolen from the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in Boston , Massachusetts by 2 thieves posing as police officers. This is the largest art theft in United States|US history, and the paintings (As of|2011|lc=on) have not been recovered.
* Cold War : East Germany holds its first East German general election, 1990|free elections .
March 20 Ferdinand Marcos 's widow, Imelda Marcos , goes on trial for bribery , embezzlement , and racketeering .
March 21 After 75 years of South Africa n rule, Namibia becomes History of Namibia#Independence|independent .
March 25
* In New York City , a fire due to arson at an illegal social club called " Happy Land fire|Happy Land " kills 87.
* Archbishop of Canterbury Robert Runcie announces his intention to retire at the end of the year.
March 26 The 62nd Academy Awards , hosted by Billy Crystal , are held at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles , California , with Driving Miss Daisy winning Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture .
March 27 The United States begins broadcasting TV Martν to Cuba .
March 28 U.S. President George H. W. Bush posthumously awards Jesse Owens the Congressional Gold Medal .
March 30 Cold War : After its Estonian Supreme Soviet election, 1990|first free elections during the Soviet era on March 18, Estonia declares Occupation of the Baltic states|Soviet rule to have been illegal since 1940 .
March 31 " poll tax riots|The Second Battle of Trafalgar ": A massive anti- poll tax demonstration in Trafalgar Square , London , turns into a riot; 471 people are injured, and 341 arrested.
April
April 1
* Strangeways Prison riot : The longest prison riot in Britain's history begins at Strangeways Prison in Manchester , and continues for 3 weeks and 3 days, until April 25 .
* The Ultimate Warrior defeats Hulk Hogan to win the WWF Championship in a Title for Title, winner takes all match at WrestleMania VI in front of nearly 68,000 at the SkyDome in Toronto , Ontario
April 6 Robert Mapplethorpe 's "The Perfect Moment" show of nude and homoerotic photographs opens at the Cincinnati Contemporary Arts Center , in spite of accusations of indecency by Citizens for Community Values.
April 7 Iran Contra Affair : John Poindexter is found guilty of 5 charges for his part in the scandal; the convictions are later reversed on appeal.
April 8 Scandinavian Star , a Bahamas -registered ferry, catches fire en route from Norway to Denmark , leaving 158 dead.
April 13 Cold War : The Soviet Union apologizes for the Katyn Massacre .
April 15 Food poisoning kills 450 guests at an engagement party in Uttar Pradesh .
April 24
* STS-31 : The Hubble Space Telescope is launched aboard Space Shuttle Space Shuttle Discovery|Discovery . http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/archives/sts-31.html
* The Space Shuttle Space Shuttle Discovery|Discovery places the Hubble Space Telescope into orbit .
* Cold War : West Germany and East Germany agree to merge currency and economies on July 1 .
April 25 Violeta Chamorro is elected President of Nicaragua .
May
May 1 The former Philippine Episcopal Church (supervised by the Episcopal Church of the United States of America ) is granted full autonomy and raised to the states of an Autocephalous Anglican Communion|Anglican Ecclesiastical Province#Anglican Communion|Province and renamed the Episcopal Church of the Philippines .
May 2 In London , a man brandishing a knife robs a courier of bearer bond s worth £292 million (the largest robbery|mugging to date).
May 4 Cold War : Latvia declares independence from the Soviet Union .
May 8 Cold War : Estonia restores the formal name of the country, the Republic of Estonia, as well as the state emblems (the coat of arms, the flag and the anthem).
May 15 Portrait of Doctor Gachet by Vincent van Gogh is sold for a record List of most expensive paintings|$82.5 million .
May 17 The World Health Organization removes homosexuality from its list of diseases.
May 20 Cold War : The first post- communism|Communist presidential and parliamentary elections are held in Romania .
May 22
* Cold War : The leaders of the Yemen Arab Republic and the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen announce the unification of their countries as the Republic of Yemen .
* Microsoft releases Windows 3.0 .
May 29 European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) founded.
June
June 1
* Cold War : U.S. President George H. W. Bush and Soviet Union leader Mikhail Gorbachev sign a treaty to end chemical weapon production and begin destroying their respective stocks.
* Members of the Provisional Irish Republican Army shoot and kill Major Michael Dillon-Lee and Private William Robert Davies of the British Army . Dillon-Lee is killed outside his home in Dortmund, Germany and Davies is killed at a railway station in Lichfield , England .
June 2
* The Lower Ohio Valley tornado outbreak of June 1990|Lower Ohio Valley tornado outbreak spawns 88 confirmed tornadoes in Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, and Ohio, killing 12; 37 tornadoes occur in Indiana, eclipsing the previous record of 21 during the Super Outbreak of April 1974 .
* Namibia recognizes the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR).
June 7 Metropolitan Alexy II of Moscow|Alexy of Leningrad is elected Russian Orthodox Patriarch of Moscow and all Russia .
June 8 The 1990 FIFA World Cup begins in Italy.
June 12 Cold War : The Congress of People's Deputies of Russia|parliament of the Russian SFSR|Russian Federation formally Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|declares its sovereignty.
June 13 June 1990 Mineriad : Fighting breaks out in Romania in the aftermath of the Romanian Revolution of 1989 , between the supporters of Nicolae Ceausescu and the Communist regime, and those of the new regime .
June 21 An 1990 Iran earthquake|earthquake measuring 7.3 on the Richter Scale kills thousands in the Iran ian city of Manjil .Cite news | title = Iranian Town, Once a Jewel, Lies Entombed | newspaper = The New York Times | pages = A6 | year = 1990 | date = June 25 | postscript =
June 22 Underwater volcano Mount Didicas erupts in the Philippines .
June 24 Kathleen Young and Irene Templeton are ordained as priests in St Anne's Cathedral, Belfast , becoming the first female Anglican priests in the United Kingdom .
July
July 2 A stampede in a pedestrian tunnel leading to Mecca kills 1,426.
July 6 Somalia|Somali president Siad Barre 's bodyguards massacre antigovernment demonstrators during a soccer match; 65 people are killed, more than 300 seriously injured.
July 8 Germany national football team|West Germany 1990 FIFA World Cup Final|defeats Argentina national football team|Argentina 10 to win the 1990 FIFA World Cup .
July 11 Terrorist act in Azerbaijan. Armenian terrorists blow up passenger bus moving from Kelbecer to Tartar Rayon|Tartar . 14 people are killed, 35 were wounded. http://www.supremecourt.gov.az/? mod=2& cat=305& c=1& id=142& lang=en& t=g Terrorist and Sabotage Acts Commited in the Territory of Azerbaijan
July 15 Tamil Tigers kill 168 Muslims in Colombo , Sri Lanka .
July 16 An earthquake measuring 7.7 on the Richter Scale kills more than 1,600 in the Philippines .
July 25
* George Carey, Baron Carey of Clifton|George Carey , Bishop of Bath and Wells , is named as the new Archbishop of Canterbury .
* The Serb Democratic Party (Croatia)|Serbian Democratic Party declares the sovereignty of the Serb s in Croatia .
July 26 U.S. President George H. W. Bush signs the Americans with Disabilities Act , designed to protect disabled Americans from discrimination.
July 27
* The parliament building and a government television house in Port of Spain , Trinidad and Tobago are stormed by the Jamaat al Muslimeen in a coup d'ιtat attempt which lasts 5 days. Approximately 26 to 30 people are killed and several wounded (including then Prime Minister , A. N. R. Robinson , who is shot in the leg).
* Cold War : Belarus declares its sovereignty, a key step toward independence from the USSR .
July 28 Alberto Fujimori|Albert Fujimori becomes president of Peru .
July 30 A Provisional Irish Republican Army car bomb kills former British politician and former Member of Parliament Ian Gow outside his home in England.
August
August 2 Gulf War : Iraq invades Kuwait , eventually leading to the Gulf War .
August 6 Gulf War : The United Nations Security Council orders a global trade embargo against Iraq in response to its invasion of Kuwait .
August 10 A passenger bus, moving by the route "Tbilisi-Agdam" is blown up, 20 people died and 30 were injured. Organizers of the crime, Armenians A. Avanesian and M. Tatevosian, were brought to criminal trial.
August 12 " Sue (dinosaur)|Sue ", the best preserved Tyrannosaurus|Tyrannosaurus rex specimen ever found, is discovered near Faith, South Dakota .
August 19 Leonard Bernstein conducts his final concert, ending with Ludwig van Beethoven 's Symphony No. 7 (Beethoven)|Symphony No. 7 performed by the Boston Symphony Orchestra .
August 23 East Germany and West Germany announce they will unite on October 3 . http://www.historyorb.com/date/1990/august/23
August 24 Northern Ireland writer Brian Keenan (writer)|Brian Keenan is released from Lebanon after being held hostage for nearly 5 years.
August 28 The Plainfield Tornado (F5 on the Fujita scale ) strikes the towns of Plainfield, Illinois|Plainfield , Crest Hill, Illinois|Crest Hill , and Joliet, Illinois , killing 29 people (the strongest tornado to date to strike the Chicago Metropolitan Area ).
August 30 Collapse of the Soviet Union: Azerbaijan declares independence from Soviet Union.
September
September 2 Cold War : Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic|Transnistria declares its independence from the Moldavian SSR ; however, the declaration is not recognized by any government.
September 9 First Liberian Civil War : Liberia n president Samuel Doe is captured by rebel leader Prince Johnson and killed in a filmed execution.
September 11 Gulf War : President George H. W. Bush delivers a nationally televised speech in which he threatens the use of force to remove Iraq i soldiers from Kuwait .
September 12
* Cold War : The two Germany|German states and the Four Powers sign the Treaty on the Final Settlement With Respect to Germany in Moscow , paving the way for German reunification .
* A judge in Australia orders the arrest of media tycoon Christopher Skase , former owner of the Seven Network , after he fails to give evidence in a liquidator's examination of failed shipbuilding company Lloyds Ships Holdings, an associate of Skase's Qintex Australia Ltd. http://articles.latimes.com/keyword/christopher-skase Articles from L.A.Times
September 18 The International Olympic Committee awards the 1996 Summer Olympics to Atlanta|Atlanta, United States .
September 19 The Provisional Irish Republican Army tries to assassinate Air Chief Marshal Sir Peter Terry at his home near Stafford , England . Hit by at least 9 bullets, the former Governor of Gibraltar survives.
September 29 Washington, D.C. 's National Cathedral is finished.
October
October 3 Cold War : East Germany and West Germany German reunification|reunify into a single Germany .
October 8 Israeli-Palestinian Conflict : In Jerusalem , Israel i police kill 17 Palestinian people|Palestinians and wound over 100 near the Dome of the Rock mosque on the Temple Mount .
October 13 Lebanese Civil War : Syria n military forces invade and occupy Mount Lebanon , ousting General Michel Aoun 's government. This effectively consolidates Syria's 14 year occupation of Lebanese soil.
October 14 Leonard Bernstein dies of a heart attack at his home in New York City . He is 72 years old.
October 15 Cold War : Soviet Union leader Mikhail Gorbachev is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to lessen Cold War tensions and reform his nation.
October 17 The Internet Movie Database is launched by Col Needham , giving internet users the opportunity to search for film information online. http://www.imdb.com/help/show_leaf? history IMDb
October 27 Cold War : The Supreme Soviet of Kyrgyzstan chooses Askar Akayev as the republic's first President of Kyrgyzstan|president .
November
November 1 Mary Robinson defeats odds-on favourite Brian Lenihan, Snr|Brian Lenihan to become the first female President of Ireland .
November 5 Rabbi Meir Kahane , founder of the far-right Kach movement , is shot dead after a speech at a New York City hotel.
November 12
* Akihito, Emperor of Japan|Akihito is enthroned as the 125th emperor of Japan .
* Tim Berners-Lee publishes a more formal proposal for the World Wide Web . http://www.w3.org/Proposal WebCite|url= http://www.webcitation.org/5J6iMja8s|date =2006-09-23
November 9 - The Parliament of Singapore enacts the Maintenance of Religious Harmony Act .
November 13 - In New Zealand , David Gray kills 13 people in what would become known as the Aramoana Massacre .
November 14 Germany and Poland sign a treaty confirming the border at the Oder-Neisse line .
November 15 STS-38 : Space Shuttle Atlantis|Space Shuttle Atlantis is launched on a classified military mission.
November 21
* Charter of Paris for a New Europe signed.
* Super Famicom released in Japan .
November 22 Margaret Thatcher announces she will not contest the second ballot of the Conservative Party (UK) leadership election, 1990|leadership election for the Conservative Party (UK) .
November 25 Lech Walesa and Stanislaw Tyminski win the first round of the Polish presidential election, 1990|first presidential elections in Poland .
November 29 Gulf War : The United Nations Security Council passes UN Security Council Resolution 678 , authorizing military intervention in Iraq if that nation does not withdraw its forces from Kuwait and free all foreign hostages by Tuesday, January 15, 1991.
December
December 1 Establishing the first land connection between the United Kingdom and the mainland of Europe , Channel Tunnel workers from the United Kingdom and France meet 40& nbsp;metres beneath the English Channel seabed.
December 3
* At Detroit Metropolitan Airport , Northwest Airlines Flight 1482 (a McDonnell Douglas DC-9 ) collides with Northwest Airlines Flight 299 (a Boeing 727 ) on the runway, killing 8 passengers and 4 crewmembers on Flight 1482.
* Mary Robinson begins her term as President of Ireland , becoming the first female to hold this office.
December 6
* Saddam Hussein releases the Western hostages.
* President Hossain Mohammad Ershad of Bangladesh is forced to resign following massive protests.
December 9
* Slobodan Miloevic becomes President of Republic of Serbia (federal)|Serbia .
* Lech Walesa wins the 2nd round of Poland 's Polish presidential election, 1990|first presidential election .
December 16 Jean-Bertrand Aristide is Haitian general election, 19901991|elected president of Haiti , ending 3 decades of military rule.
December 22
* The first Constitution of Croatia|constitution of the Republic of Croatia is adopted.
* The Marshall Islands and Federated States of Micronesia become independent, after the termination of their trusteeship.
December 23 In the Slovenian independence referendum, 1990|Slovenian independence referendum , 88.5% of the overall electorate (94.8% of votes), with the turnout of 93.3%, supported independence of the country.
December 25 Tim Berners-Lee creates the first webpage on the first web server.
December 31 Russia n Garry Kasparov holds his title by winning the World Chess Championship match against his countryman Anatoly Karpov .
Date unknown
The last adornments in handwriting are de-standardized, to keep up with the Information Age .cite news| url= http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1912419-1,00.html | work=Time | title=Mourning the Death of Handwriting | date=August 3, 2009 | accessdate=April 20, 2010 | first=Claire | last=Suddath
Homosexual acts between consenting adults are decriminalized in Queensland .
* Alfredo Poveda , Ecuadorean military officer and statesman, former head of the State (b. 1926 )
June 8 Josι Figueres Ferrer , Costa Rican politician, former President of the Republic (b. 1906 )
June 11 Vaso Cubrilovic , Yugoslav politician, last surviving participant in Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria|the conspiracy to kill Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria (b. 1897 )
June 12 Lord Terence O'Neill, Baron O'Neill of the Maine|Terence O'Neill , Northern Irish politician, former Prime Minister (b. 1914 )
June 15 Leonard Sachs , British actor (b. 1909 )
June 16 Dame Eva Turner , British soprano (b. 1892 )
June 20 Ina Balin , American actress (b. 1937 )
June 22 Ilya Frank , Russian physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1908 )
June 24 Germαn Suαrez Flamerich , Venezuelan lawyer and politician, former head of State (b. 1907 )
June 29 IrvingWallace , American writer (b. 1916 )
June 30 Lynne Carol , British actress (b. 1914 )
July
July 4 Phil Boggs , American Olympic diver (b. 1949 )
July 7
* Bill Cullen , American game show host (b. 1920 )
October 5 Peter Taylor (footballer born 1928)|Peter Taylor , English footballer and manager (b. 1928 )
October 7
* Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum|Rashid bin Said Al-Maktoum , Vice-President and Prime Minister of United Arab Emirates and Emir (Ruler) of Dubai (b. 1912 )
* Juan Josι Arιvalo , Guatemalan politician, former President of the Republic (b. 1904 )
* Grim Natwick , American animator (b. 1890 )
October 13
* Douglas Edwards , American television news anchor (b. 1917 )
* Lκ Π?c Th? , Vietnamese general and politician, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1911 )
October 14 Leonard Bernstein , American composer and conductor (b. 1918 )
October 15 Delphine Seyrig , French actress (b. 1932 )
October 16 Art Blakey , American jazz musician (b. 1919 )
October 20 Joel McCrea , American actor (b. 1905 )
* George Allen (American football coach)|George Allen , American football coach (b. 1918 )
Nobel Prizes
Nobel Prize in Physics|Physics Jerome Isaac Friedman , Henry Way Kendall , and Richard E. Taylor|Richard Edward Taylor
Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Chemistry Elias James Corey
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Physiology or Medicine Joseph E. Murray , E. Donnall Thomas
Nobel Prize in Literature|Literature Octavio Paz
Nobel Peace Prize|Peace Mikhail Gorbachev
Nobel Prize in Economics|Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel Harry Markowitz , Merton Miller , William Forsyth Sharpe|William Sharpe
Templeton Prize
Baba Amte (Joint Award)
L. Charles Birch (Joint Award)
Fields Medal
Vladimir Drinfeld , Vaughan Frederick Randal Jones , Shigefumi Mori , Edward Witten
Right Livelihood Award
Alice Tepper Marlin , Bernard Lιdιa Ouedraogo , Felicia Langer and Asociaciσn de Trabajadores Campesinos del Carare|ATCC (Asociaciσn de Trabajadores Campesinos del Carare)
In Fiction
The role-playing video game Ultima II|Ultima II: Revenge Of The Enchantress requires the player to travel to 1990 AD.
