Armageddon

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Armageddon (from , Tel Megiddo|Har Megiddo , lit. Mount Megiddo ; Harmagedon , Late Latin : Collins English Dictionary , HarperCollins, 3rd ed., p. 81) is, according to the Bible, the site of a battle during the end time s, variously interpreted as either a literal or symbolic location. The term is also used in a generic sense to refer to any eschatology|end of the world scenario.

The word Armageddon appears only once in the Novum Testamentum Graece|Greek New Testament , namely in . The word may come from Hebrew language|Hebrew har m?giddô (), meaning "Mountain of Tel Megiddo|Megiddo ". "Mount" Megiddo is a Tell on which ancient forts were built to guard the main highway, the Via Maris , which connected Ancient Egypt with Mesopotamia . Megiddo was the location of various ancient battles, including Battle of Megiddo (15th century BC)|one in the 15th century BC and Battle of Megiddo (609 BC)|one in 609 BC . Modern Megiddo, Israel|Megiddo is a town approximately west-southwest of the southern tip of the Sea of Galilee in the Kishon River area.

According to one Premillennialism|premillennial Christian interpretation, the Messiah will Second Coming|return to earth and defeat the Antichrist ( The Beast (Bible)|the "beast" ) and Satan the Devil in the Battle of Armageddon. Then Satan will be put into the "bottomless pit" or Abyss (religion)|abyss for 1,000 years, known as the Millennial Age . After being released from the abyss, Satan will gather Gog and Magog (peoples of two specific nations) from the four corners of the earth . They will encamp surrounding the "holy ones" and the "beloved city" (this refers to Jerusalem in Christianity|Jerusalem ). Fire will come down from God in Christianity|God , out of heaven and devour Gog and Magog after the Millennium. The Devil , death, hell , and those not found written in the Book of Life are then thrown into Gehenna (the Lake of Fire burning with brimstone). Book of Revelation in the New Testament , Rev. 19: 11-20, Rev. 20: 1-3, 7-15.

Christianity

Megiddo is mentioned twelve times in the Old Testament , ten times in reference to the ancient city of Megiddo , and twice with reference to "the plain of Megiddo", most probably simply meaning "the plain next to the city". Listing of the 12 Biblical Old Testament passages containing the word "Megiddo".

None of these Old Testament passages describe the city of Megiddo as being associated with any particular prophetic beliefs. The one New Testament reference to the city of Armageddon found in Book of Revelation|Revelation 16:16 in fact also makes no specific mention of any armies being predicted to one day gather in this city, but instead seems to predict only that "they (will gather) the kings together to .... Armageddon. New Testament excerpt describing various apparent calamities of nature with respect to Armageddon."
The text does however seem to imply, based on the text from the earlier passage of Revelation 16:14, that the purpose of this gathering of kings in the "place called Armageddon" might be so that these kings could do battle with one another. Because of the seemingly highly symbolic and even cryptic language of this one New Testament passage, some Christian scholars conclude that Mount Armageddon must be an idealized location. James B. Jordan , Rousas John Rushdoony|Rushdoony says, "There are no mountains of Megiddo, only the Plains of Megiddo. This is a deliberate destruction of the vision of any literal reference to the place." Rousas John Rushdoony , Thy Kingdom Come: Studies in Daniel and Revelation , 190.
Other scholars, including C. C. Torrey , Meredith G. Kline|Kline and James B. Jordan|Jordan argue that the word is derived from the Hebrew language|Hebrew moed (), meaning "assembly". Thus, "Armageddon" would mean "Mountain of Assembly," which Jordan says is "a reference to the assembly at Biblical Mount Sinai|Mount Sinai , and to its replacement, Mount Zion ."

Dispensationalism

The Dispensationalism|Dispensational viewpoint interprets biblical prophecy literally and expects that the fulfillment of prophecy will also be literal, depending upon the context of scripture. In his discussion of Armageddon, J. Dwight Pentecost has devoted an entire chapter to the subject, titled "The Campaign of Armageddon", in which he discusses Armageddon as a campaign and not a specific battle , which will be fought in the Middle East . Pentecost writes:

Pentecost then discusses the location of this campaign, and mentions the "hill of Megiddo" and other geographic locations such as "the Valley of Josaphat|valley of Jehoshaphat " and "the valley of the passengers", "Lord coming from Edom or Idumea, south of Jerusalem , when He returns from Last judgment|the judgment "; and Jerusalem itself.Zech. 12:2-11; 14:2Pentacost, p. 341

Pentecost further describes the area involved:

Pentecost then outlines the biblical time period for this campaign to occur and with further arguments concludes that it must take place with the Prophecy of Seventy Weeks|70th week of Daniel . The invasion of Israel by the Northern Confederacy "will bring the Beast and his armies to the defense of Israel as her protector". He then uses Daniel to further clarify his thinking: (Dan. 11:40b-45).

Again, events are listed by Pentecost in his book:

# "The movement of the campaign begins when the King of the South moves against the Beast-False Prophet coalition, which takes place 'at the time of the end.'"
# "The King of the South is joined by the Northern Confederacy, who attacks the Wilful King by a great force over land and sea (11:40). Jerusalem is destroyed as a result of this attack, and, in turn, the armies of the Northern Confederacy are destroyed",
# "The full armies of the Beast move into Israel (11:41) and shall conquer all that territory (11:41-42). Edom, Moab , and Ammon alone escape. . . ."
# ". . . a report that causes alarm is brought to the Beast",
# "The Beast moves his headquarters into the land of Israel and assembles his armies there."
# "It is there that his destruction will come. (11:45)."Pentacost, p. 356

After the destruction of the Beast at the Second Coming of Jesus , the Kingdom of God|promised Kingdom is set up, in which Jesus and the Saints will rule for a Millennialism|thousand years . Satan is then loosed "for a season" and goes out to deceive the nations, specifically, Gog and Magog. The army mentioned attacks the Saints in the New Jerusalem , they are defeated by a judgment of fire coming down from Heaven, and then comes the Great White Throne judgment, which includes all of those through the ages and these are cast into the Lake of Fire , which event is also known as the "second death" and Gehenna, not to be confused with Hell, which is Satan's domain. Pentecost describes this as follows:

Jehovah's Witnesses

Jehovah's Witnesses believe that Armageddon is the means by which God will finally realize his purpose for the Earth to be populated with happy healthy humans free of sin and death. They teach that the armies of heaven will eradicate all who oppose the kingdom of God and its rule, wiping out all wicked human and spirit creatures on Earth, leaving only righteous mankind.

They believe that the gathering of the all the nations of the Earth refers to the uniting of the world's political powers, as a gradual process beginning in 1914 and seen later in manifestations such as the League of Nations and the United Nations following the First and Second World Wars."What Does the Bible Really Teach" pp. 215-218 '1914—A Significant Year in Bible Prophecy' These political powers are influenced by Satan and his demons in opposition to God's kingdom. The Watchtower 12/1/05 p. 4 Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania Babylon the Great is interpreted as the world empire of false religion, and that it will be destroyed by the beast just prior to Armageddon. Mankind’s Search for God chap. 16 p. 371 par. 13 "the destruction of Babylon the Great will usher in a period of “great tribulation” that culminates in “the war of the great day of God the Almighty . . . Har–Magedon.” " Witnesses believe that after all other religions have been destroyed, the governments will turn to destroy them, and that God will then intervene, precipitating Armageddon.Watchtower 9/15/05 p. 19 par. 13 "Walk by Faith, Not by Sight!" Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania

Jehovah's Witnesses teach that the armies of heaven, commanded by Jesus Christ, will then destroy all forms of human government and rule Earth for 1000 years. They believe that Satan will be bound for that period, unable to influence mankind. After the 1000 years are ended, and the second resurrection has taken place, Satan is released and allowed to tempt the perfect human race one last time. Those who follow Satan are destroyed, along with him, leaving the Earth, and humankind at peace with God forever, free of sin and death.Watchtower 6/1/96 p. 18 par. 20 "Flight to Safety Before the "Great Tribulation"" Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania

Seventh-day Adventist

The teachings of the Seventh-day Adventist Church state that the terms "Armageddon", "Day of the Lord" and "The Second Coming of Christ" all describe the same event."Seventh-day Adventists believe" 1988 by the Ministerial Association General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists Seventh-day Adventists further teach that the current religious movements taking place in the world are setting the stage for Armageddon, and they are concerned by the growing unity between spiritualism , American Protestantism and Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholicism . A further significant difference in Seventh-day Adventist theology is the teaching that the events of Armageddon will leave the earth desolate for the duration of the premillennialism|millennium ."Handbook of Seventh-day Adventist Theology" 2000 Review and Herald Publishing Association and the General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists They teach that the righteous will be taken to heaven while the rest of humanity will be destroyed, leaving Satan with no one to tempt and effectively "bound." The final re-creation of a "new heaven and a new earth." then follows the millennium.

Ahmadiyya

In Ahmadiyya , Armageddon is viewed as a spiritual battle or struggle in the present age between the forces of good, i.e. righteousness, purity and virtue, and the forces of evil. The final struggle between the two comes as satanic influence is let loose with the emergence of Gog and Magog#In Ahmadiyya|Gog and Magog . Satan gathers all his powers, and uses all his methods to mislead people, introducing an age where iniquity, promiscuity, atheism, and materialism abound.

Ahmadiyya Muslims believe that God appointed Promised Messiah and Mahdi for the spiritual reformation and moral direction of mankind. This age continues for approximately one thousand years as per Judeo-Christian and Islamic prophecies of the Apocalypse ; it is characterised by the assembling of mankind under one faith, Islam in Ahmadiyya belief. The Review of Religions , January 2009, Vol.104, issue 1. p. 18-22

Bahá'í faith

From Bahá'í Faith|Bahá'í literature a number of interpretations of the expectations surrounding the Battle of Armageddon may be inferred, three of them being associated with events surrounding the World Wars.

The first interpretation deals with a series of tablets written by Bahá'u'lláh , founder of the Bahá'í Faith, to be sent to various kings and rulers. The second, and best-known one, relates to events near the end of World War I involving Edmund Allenby, 1st Viscount Allenby|General Allenby and the Battle of Megiddo (1918) wherein World Powers are said to have drawn soldiers from many parts of the world to engage in battle at Megiddo. In winning this battle Allenby also prevented the Turkish people|Turks from killing 'Abdu'l-Baha , then head of the Baha'i Faith , whom they had intended to crucify . A third interpretation reviews the overall progress of the World Wars, and the situation in the world before and after.

Influence

The idea that a final Battle of Armageddon will be fought at Tel Megiddo has had a wide influence, especially in the US. According to Donald E. Wagner, Professor of Religion and Director of the Center for Middle Eastern Studies at North Park University , Ronald Reagan was an adherent of "Armageddon theology," and "seemed to blend his political analysis with his Armageddon theology quite naturally."Donald E. Wagner,

Some militia movement|militia groups in the US, such as the Hutaree ,"" BBC , 30 March 2010. Retrieved 30 March 2010. are reported to have prepared for violent action associated with related apocalyptic beliefs.

Copyright Citations

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