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other usesInfobox River | river_name = Arno| image_name = LocationArno.PNG| caption = The river Arno| origin = Mount Falterona | mouth = Ligurian Sea | basin_countries = Italy | length = 241 km| elevation = 1,385& nbsp;m| discharge = 110 m³/s (at the mouth)| watershed = 8,228 km²The Arno is a river in the Tuscany region of Italy . It is the most important river of central Italy after the Tiber .
Source and route
The river originates on Mount Falterona in the Casentino area of the Apennine Mountains|Apennines , and initially takes a southward curve. The river turns to the west near Arezzo passing through Florence , Empoli and Pisa , flowing into the Tyrrhenian Sea at Marina di Pisa .
With a length of convert|241|km, it is the largest river in the region. It has many tributaries: Sieve (river)|Sieve (convert|60|km), Bisenzio River|Bisenzio (convert|49|km), Ombrone , Era (river)|Era , Elsa (river)|Elsa , Pesa (river)|Pesa and Pescia (River)|Pescia . The drainage basin amounts to more than convert|8200|sqkm and drains the waters of the following sub-basins:
The Casentino , in the province of Arezzo , formed by the upper course of the river until the confluence with the Maestro della Chiana channel.
The Valdichiana|Val di Chiana , a plain dried in the 18th century, which, until then, was a marshy area tributary of the Tiber.
The upper Valdarno , a long valley bordered from East by the Pratomagno massif and from West by the hills around Siena .
The Sieve's basin, which flows in the Arno immediately before Florence.
The middle Valdarno, with the plain including Florence, Sesto Fiorentino , Prato and Pistoia .
The lower Valdarno, with the valley of important tributaries such as the Pesa, Elsa and Era and in which, after Pontedera , the Arno flows into the Ligurian Sea . The river has a very variable discharge, ranging from minimum values such as 6& nbsp;m³/s to more than 2,000. The mouth of the river was once near Pisa , but is now several kilometres westwards.
It crosses Florence, Italy|Florence , where it passes below the Ponte Vecchio and the Ponte Santa Trinita|Santa Trìnita bridge (built by Bartolomeo Ammanati , but inspired by Michelangelo ). The river flood ed this city regularly in historical times, the last occasion being the Flood of the River Arno in Florence|famous flood of 1966 , with 4,500 m³/s after rainfall of convert|437.2|mm in Badia Agnano and convert|190|mm in Florence, in only 24 hours.
The flow rate of the Arno is irregular. It is sometimes described as having a torrent-like behaviour, because it can easily go from almost dry to near-flood in a few days. At the point where the Arno leaves the Apennines, flow measurements can vary between 0.56 m³/s and 3,540 m³/s. New dam s built upstream of Florence have greatly alleviated the problem in recent years.
A 1966 Flood of the Arno River|flood on November 4, 1966 collapsed the embankment in Florence, killing at least 40 people and damaging or destroying millions of works of art and rare books. New conservation techniques were inspired by the disaster, but even 40 years later hundreds of works still await restoration.cite journal | author = Alison McLean | year = 2006 | month = November | title = This Month in History | journal = Smithsonian | volume = 37 | issue = 8 | pages = 34
Gallery
References
reflistArno Stevens
External links
http://www.adbarno.it/cont/testo.php? id=1 Basin Authority of the Arnoit icon
commons|Lung'Arno (Firenze) coord|43|41|N|10|17|E|display=title|region:IT_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki Category:Rivers of Italy Category:Rivers of Tuscany Category:Geography of Florence Category:Geography of Pisa Category:Rivers of the Province of Arezzo Category:Rivers of the Province of Florence Category:Rivers of the Province of Pisa Category:Rivers of the Province of Prato
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