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About|the nameInfobox given name2| name = Arthur| image=Artus2.jpg| image_size=165| caption=Statue of King Arthur , designed by Albrecht Dürer and cast by Peter Vischer the Elder , early 16th centuryHarvnb|Barber|1986|p= 141| pronunciation=IPA-en|'?r??r|| gender = Male| meaning = Bear or bear-like| language = English-language|English | languageorigin = Latin or Celtic languages|Celtic | seealso = Artur , Art (short form), Arttu (Finnish variant) Arthur is a common masculine given name. Its etymology is disputed, but its popularity derives from its being the name of the legendary hero King Arthur .
Art is a diminutive form of the name. A common spelling variant used in many Slavic, Romance, and Germanic languages is Artur .
Etymology
The origin of the name Arthur remains a matter of debate. Some suggest it is derived from the Roman Roman naming conventions| nomen gentile (family name) Artorius| Artorius , of obscure and contested etymologyHarvnb|Malone|1925 (but possibly of Messapian language|Messapic Marcella Chelotti, Vincenza Morizio, Marina Silvestrini, Le epigrafi romane di Canosa, Volume 1, Edipuglia srl, 1990, pg. 261, 264.Ciro Santoro, "Per la nuova iscrizione messapica di Oria", La Zagaglia, A. VII, n. 27, 1965, P. 271-293.Ciro Santoro, La Nuova Epigrafe Messapica "IM 4. 16, I-III" di Ostuni ed nomi in Art-, Ricerche e Studi, Volume 12, 1979, p. 45-60 or Etruscan language|Etruscan originWilhelm Schulze, Zur Geschichte lateinischer Eigennamen (Volume 5, Issue 2 of Abhandlungen der Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, Philologisch-Historische Klasse, Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften Göttingen Philologisch-Historische Klasse) , 2nd Edition, Weidmann, 1966, p. 72, pp. 333-338Olli Salomies: Die römischen Vornamen. Studien zur römischen Namengebung. Helsinki 1987, p. 68Herbig, Gust., "Falisca", Glotta, Band II, Göttingen, 1910, p. 98). Some scholars have suggested that is relevant to this debate that the legendary King Arthur's name only appears as Arthur , or Arturus , in early Latin Arthurian texts, never as Artorius (although Classical Latin Artorius became Arturius in some Vulgar Latin dialects). However, this may not say anything about the origin of the name Arthur , as Artorius would regularly become Art(h)ur when borrowed into Welsh language|Welsh .Harvnb|Koch|1996|p= 253
Another possibility is that it is derived from a Brittonic patronym *Arto-rig-ios (the root of which, *arto-rig- "bear-king" is to be found in the Old Irish personal name Art-ri ) via a Latinized form Artorius.Zimmer, Stefan, "The Name of Arthur - A New Etymology ", Journal of Celtic Linguistics, Volume 13, Number 1, March 2009, University of Wales Press, pp. 131-136. Less likely is the commonly proposed derivation from Welsh arth "bear" + (g)wr "man" (earlier *Arto-uiros in Brittonic); there are phonological difficulties with this theory - notably that a Brittonic compound name *Arto-uiros should produce Old Welsh *Artgur and Middle/Modern Welsh *Arthwr and not Arthur (in Welsh poetry the name is always spelled Arthur and is exclusively rhymed with words ending in -ur - never words ending in -wr - which confirms that the second element cannot be gwr "man").See Harvnb|Higham|2002|p= 74.See Harvnb|Higham|2002|p= 80.
An alternative theory, which has only gained limited acceptance among scholars,Bromwich, Rachel, Trioedd ynys Prydein: the Welsh triads, University of Wales Press, 1978, p. 544Zimmer, Stefan, Die keltischen Wurzeln der Artussage: mit einer vollständigen Übersetzung der ältesten Artuserzählung Culhwch und Olwen, Winter, 2006, p. 37Zimmer, Stefan, "The Name of Arthur - A New Etymology ", Journal of Celtic Linguistics, Volume 13, Number 1, March 2009, University of Wales Press, pp. 131-136.Walter, Philippe, Faccia M. (trans.), Artù. L'orso e il re, Edizioni Arkeios, 2005, p. 74.Johnson, Flint, The British sources of the abduction and Grail romances, University Press of America, 2002, pp. 38-39.Chambers, Edmund Kerchever, Arthur of Britain, Speculum Historiale, 1964, p. 170 derives the name Arthur from the Latin Arcturus , the brightest star in the constellation Boötes , near Ursa Major or the Great Bear, http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text? doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059%3Aentry%3Darcturus arcturus, Charlton T. Lewis, Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary , on Perseus which is the Latinisation (literature)|latinisation of the Greek language|Greek ???t????? ( Arktouros ) and means "Guardian of the Bear", http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text? doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D*%29arktou%3Dros ???t?????, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon , on Perseus ultimately from ???t?? ( arktos ), "bear" http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text? doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Da%29%2Frktos ???t??, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon , on Perseus + ????? ( ouros ), "watcher, guardian". http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text? doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dou%29%3Dros2 ?????, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon , on Perseus Classical Latin Arcturus would also have become Art(h)ur when borrowed into Welsh, and its brightness and position in the sky led people to regard it as the "guardian of the bear" and the "leader" of the other stars in Boötes.Harvnb|Anderson|2004|pp= 28–29; Harvnb|Green|2007b|pp= 191–4.
A similar first name is Irish language|Old Irish Artúr , which is believed to be derived directly from an early Old Welsh or Cumbric language|Cumbric Artur .* Jaski, Bart, Early Irish examples of the name Arthur, Z.C.P. band 56, 2004. The earliest historically attested bearer of the name is a son or grandson of Áedán mac Gabráin (d. AD 609).Adomnán, I, 8& ndash;9 and translator's note 81; Bannerman, pp. 82& ndash;83. Bannerman, pp. 90& ndash;91, notes that Artúr is the son of Conaing, son of Áedán in the Senchus fer n-Alban .
People, characters and animals with the given name Arthur
Historical
Arthur I, Duke of Brittany , a nephew of Kings Richard I of England|Richard I and John, King of England|John of England and a rival claimant to John's throne
Arthur, Prince of Wales , the elder brother of Henry VIII of England|King Henry VIII
Legendary
King Arthur , king of Britain in the Arthurian legend
Animals
Arthur (racehorse) , the unlucky runner up in the 1840 Grand National
Fictional characters
Arthur the Artificial Intelligence , a character from the Journeyman Project computer games
Arthur Bach, a character played by Dudley Moore in the movie Arthur (1981 film)|Arthur
Arthur Beare, a character played by Garry McDonald in the Australian Broadcasting Corporation TV series Mother and Son
Arthur Brown, the more instinctive brother in Patrick White 's novel The Solid Mandala
Arthur the chimpanzee , from Lillian Hoban's children's books
Arthur Curry, the DC Comics superhero known as Aquaman
Arthur Daley, lead character played by George Cole in the British comedy-drama Minder (TV series)| Minder (TV series)
Arthur Dent , a "mild-mannered Earthman" whose planet is demolished to make way for a hyperspace bypass in ''The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy
Arthur Dimmesdale , a main character in Nathaniel Hawthorne's Victorian novel, The Scarlet Letter
Fonzie , Arthur Herbert Fonzarelli, a character on the television sitcom Happy Days .
Arthur Holland, LAPD Deputy Chief on Dark Blue (TV series)|Dark Blue .
Arthur Kirkland (disambiguation) , multiple characters
Arthur Petrelli , a character in the NBC drama series Heroes (TV series)|Heroes
Arthur Penhaligon , main character in The Keys to the Kingdom series
Arthur (plant) , a running gag in MAD Magazine
Arthur Read , the aardvark from the Arthur children's books by Marc Brown (author)|Marc Brown and the PBS television series Arthur (TV series)|Arthur
On the Buses#Arthur Rudge|Arthur Rudge , a character on the television sitcom On the Buses played by Michael Robbins.
Arthur (Soul Calibur) , a minor character in Soul Calibur , as a replacement for Mitsurugi in nations where it is forbidden to feature samurai in games
Arthur Spooner , a character on the television sitcom The King of Queens played by Jerry Stiller
Arthur (Thomas the Tank Engine & Friends) , a character in Thomas the Tank Engine and Friends
Arthur (The Tick) , sidekick of superhero The Tick
Sergeant Arthur Wilson , character played by John Le Mesurier in the British sitcom ''Dad's Army
Little Arthur from ABC kids. The bear (Little Arthur)
Artillery Arthur, Marshall's boss in the hit sitcom, How I Met Your Mother (TV series)|How I Met Your Mother .
Arthur (The Point Man) from the movie Inception .
In music
Philemon Arthur, pseudonym for one of the members of the Swedish duo Philemon Arthur and the Dung , whose real names are unknown
Art Garfunkel|Arthur ("Art") Garfunkel , one half of Simon & Garfunkel
Tropical cyclones
Tropical Storm Arthur (disambiguation) : Arthur is the name of several tropical cyclones in the North Nebraska and Fiji cyclone naming schools.
In different languages
Albanian language|Albanian : Artur
Armenian language|Armenian : ?????? (Artur)
Basque language|Basque : Artur, Artza
Breton language|Breton : Arzhur
Bulgarian language|Bulgarian : ????? (Artur)
Catalan language|Catalan : Artur, Artús
Croatian language|Croatian : Artur
Czech language|Czech : Artuš, Artur
Danish language|Danish : Arthur
Dutch language|Dutch : Arthur
Estonian language|Estonian : Artur
Finnish language|Finnish : Artturi, Arttu
French language|French : Arthur
Galician language|Galician : Artur, Artús
Georgian language|Georgian : ?????? (Arturi)
German language|German : Artur, Arthur
Greek language|Greek : ???????? (Arthoúros)
Hebrew language|Hebrew : ????? (Artur)
Hungarian language|Hungarian : Artúr
Icelandic language|Icelandic : Arthur
Irish language|Irish : Artúr
Italian language|Italian : Arturo
Japanese language|Japanese :??????
Latin language|Medieval Latin : Arturus, Arthurus
Latvian language|Latvian : Arturs
Lithuanian language|Lithuanian : Arturas
Maltese language|Maltese : Arturu, Turu
Norwegian language|Norwegian : Artur
Polish language|Polish : Artur
Portuguese language|Portuguese : Artur, Arthur
Russian language|Russian : ????? (Artur)
Serbian language|Serbian : ????? (Artur)
Slovak language|Slovakian : Artúr
Slovene language|Slovenian : Artur
Spanish language|Spanish : Arturo
Swedish language|Swedish : Artur
Turkish language|Turkish : Artur
Uzbek language|Uzbek : Artur
See also
MacArthur (disambiguation)
McArthur (disambiguation)
Macarthur (disambiguation)
Notes
References
citation|last=Anderson |first=Graham |title=King Arthur in Antiquity |place=London |publisher= Routledge |year=2004|isbn= 978-0-415-31714-6.
citation|last=Barber |first=Richard| title=King Arthur: Hero and Legend| place= Woodbridge, UK |publisher= Boydell Press |year= 1986|isbn=0-85115-254-6.
citation| last=Green |first= Thomas |title= Tom Thumb and Jack the Giant Killer: Two Arthurian Fairytales? |journal= Folklore |volume= 118 |issue= 2 |date= August, 2007 |year= 2007a |pages= 123–40 |url= http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx? direct=true& db=a9h& AN=25902140& site=ehost-live| doi=10.1080/00155870701337296. ( EBSCO subscription required for online access.)
citation|last=Green |first=Thomas |title=Concepts of Arthur |place=Stroud |publisher= Tempus |year= 2007b |isbn= 978-0-7524-4461-1 |url= http://www.arthuriana.co.uk/concepts.
citation|last=Higham |first=N. J. |title=King Arthur, Myth-Making and History |place=London |publisher= Routledge |year= 2002 |isbn=978-0-415-21305-9.
citation|last=Koch |first=John T. |chapter=The Celtic Lands |editor-first=Norris J. |editor-last=Lacy |title=Medieval Arthurian Literature: A Guide to Recent Research |place=New York |publisher= Garland |year= 1996 |pages=239–322 |isbn=978-0-8153-2160-6.
citation| last1= Koch |first1= John T. |last2= Carey |first2= John |title= The Celtic Heroic Age: Literary Sources for Ancient Celtic Europe and Early Ireland and Wales |place= Malden, MA |publisher= Celtic Studies Publications |year= 1994 |isbn= 978-0-9642446-2-7.
citation|last=Malone |first= Kemp |title= Artorius |journal= Modern Philology |volume= 22 |issue= 4 |date= May, 1925 |pages= 367–74 |jstor= 433555|doi=10.1086/387553. ( JSTOR subscription required for online access.)
Jaski, Bart, Early Irish examples of the name Arthur , Z.C.P. band 56, 2004
Category:Welsh masculine given names Category:English-language masculine given names Category:English masculine given names Category:Irish masculine given names
br:Arthur cs:Artur cy:Arthur (enw) da:Arthur de:Arthur es:Arturo (nombre propio) eo:Arturo fr:Arthur#Sens et origine du nom hr:Artur is:Arthur it:Arturo la:Arthurus hu:Artúr nl:Arthur (voornaam) no:Artur nn:Artur pl:Artur ru:????? sl:Artur sr:????? (???) fi:Arttu sv:Artur vi:Arthur
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