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Biography
Redirect2|Carpenter|CarpentersMergefrom|Carpenter (theatre)|date=April 2010Refimprove|article|date=May 2008Expert-subject|Woodworking|date=November 2008Carpentry skill is gained through experience and study. In some countries (such as the United States), there are no formal training requirements other than in trade unions, and the trade (profession)|trade can be easy to enter. In other countries (such as Germany, Japan and Canada) there are strict standards.
The word "carpenter" is the English language|English rendering of the French language|Old French word carpentier (become charpentier ) which is derived from the Latin carpentrius artifex , "(maker) of a carriage . http://www.bartleby.com/61/36/C0123600.html The American heritage dictionary of the English language - Etymology of the word "carpenter" The Middle English language|Middle English and Scots language|Scots word (in the sense of "builder") was wright (from the Old English language|Old English wryhta ), which could be used in compound forms such as wheelwright or boatwright .The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition. 2000. In British English|British slang , a carpenter is sometimes referred to as a "chippy".
Carpentry in the United States is almost always done by men. With 98.5% of carpenters being male, it was the fourth most male-dominated occupation in the country in 1999.cite web|url= http://www.census.gov/prod/2004pubs/censr-15.pdf |format=PDF|title= Evidence From Census 2000 About Earnings by Detailed Occupation for Men and Women. Census 2000 Special Reports, May 2004. |accessdate=2006-09-02
Types and occupations
A finish carpenter (North America) also called a joiner (traditional name now obsolete in North America) is one who does finish carpentry; that is, cabinetry , furniture making, fine woodworking, model building, tool|instrument making, parquetry , Woodworking joints|joinery , or other carpentry where exact joints and minimal margins of error are important. Some large-scale construction may be of an exactitude and artistry that it is classed as finish carpentry. A trim carpenter specializes in molding and trim, such as door and window Molding (decorative)#Types|casings , fireplace mantel|mantels , baseboard, and other types of ornamental work. Cabinet installers may also be referred to as trim carpenters.
A cabinetmaker is a carpenter who does fine and detailed work specializing in the making of cabinets made from wood, wardrobe s, chest of drawers|dressers , chest (furniture)|storage chests , and other furniture designed for storage.
A '''ship's carpenter''' specializes in shipbuilding , maintenance, and repair techniques (see also shipbuilding|shipwright ) and carpentry specific to nautical needs; usually the term refers to a carpenter who has a post on a specific ship . Steel warships as well as wooden ones need ship's carpenters, especially for making emergency repairs in the case of battle or storm damage.
A Carpenter (theatre)|scenic carpenter in filmmaking, television, and the theater builds and dismantles temporary theatrical scenery|scenery and set construction|sets .
A framer is a carpenter that builds the skeletal structure or framework of buildings. Techniques include platform framing , balloon framing , or timber framing (which may be post and beam|post-and-beam or mortise and tenon|mortise-and-tenon framing).
A luthier is someone who makes or repairs stringed instruments. The word luthier comes from the French word for lute, "luth".
A formwork carpenter creates the shuttering and falsework used in concrete construction.
In Japan , Miya-daiku (Temple carpenter) performs the works of both architect and builder of shrine and temple.
Green carpentry is the specialization in the use of http://www.greenproducts.net/environmentally-friendly-building-materials.html environmentally friendly, http://www.energystar.gov/ia/new_homes/Green_Begins_with_ENERGYSTAR_Blue.pdf energy-efficient and http://www.ciwmb.ca.gov/GreenBuilding/Basics.htm sustainable sources of building materials to use in construction projects. They also practice building methods that require less material to be used yet have the same structeral soundness.cite web |title=Defining Green-Collar Jobs |quote=There is no consensus on how to define green-collar jobs. A very broad interpretation of green jobs would include all existing and new jobs that contribute to environmental quality through improved efficiencies, better resource management, and other technologies that successfully address the environmental challenges facing society. Probably the most concise, general definition is “well-paid, career track jobs that contribute directly to preserving or enhancing environmental quality” (Apollo Alliance 2008, 3). This definition suggests that green-collar jobs directly contribute to improving environmental quality, but would not include low-wage jobs that provide little mobility. Most discussion of green-collar jobs does not refer to positions that require a college degree, but they typically do involve training beyond high school. Many of the positions are similar to skilled, blue-collar jobs, such as electricians, welders, carpenters , etc. |url= http://www.uwex.edu/CES/cced/communities/documents/GreenCollar.pdf
Training
Original research|section|date=November 2008Tradesmen in countries such as Germany are required to fulfil a formal apprenticeship (usually three years) to work as a professional carpenter. Upon graduation from the apprenticeship, he or she is known as a journeyman carpenter. Up through the 19th and even the early 20th century, the journeyman traveled to another region of the country to learn the building styles and techniques of that area before (usually) returning home. In modern times, journeymen are not required to travel, and the term refers more to a level of proficiency and skill. Union carpenters in the United States - United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America - are required to pass a skills test to be granted official journeyman status, but uncertified professional carpenters may be known as journeymen based on their skill level, years of experience, or simply because they support themselves in the trade, and not due to certification or formal woodworking education.
After working as a journeyman for a period, a carpenter may go to study or test as a master craftsman|master carpenter. In some countries, such as Germany or Japan , this is an arduous and expensive process, requiring extensive knowledge (including economic and legal knowledge) and skill to achieve master certification; these countries generally require master status for anyone employing and teaching apprentices in the craft. In others, it can be a loosely used term to describe a skilled carpenter.
In Canada, each province sets its own standards for apprenticeship. The average length of time is four years and includes a minimum number of hours of both on the job training and technical instruction at a college or other institution. Depending on the number of hours of instruction an apprentice receives, he or she can earn a Certificate of Proficiency, making them a journeyman, or a Certificate of Qualification, which allows them to practice a more limited amount of carpentry. Canadian carpenters also have the option of acquiring an additional Interprovincial Red Seal http://www.red-seal.ca/c.4nt.2nt@-eng.jsp? cid=22#redseal that allows them to practice anywhere in Canada. The Red Seal requires the completion of an apprenticeship and an additional examination.
In the modern British construction industry, carpenters are trained through apprenticeship schemes where GCSE s in Mathematics , English and Technology help, but are not essential. This is deemed as the preferred route as young people can earn and gain field experience whilst training towards a nationally recognized qualification.
Fully trained carpenters and joiner s will often move into related trades such as Shop fitting , frameworking , bench joinery , Maintenance, repair and operations|maintenance and system installation.
