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Biography
Infobox musical artist| name = Chet Baker| image = Chet Baker.jpg| caption =| image_size = 220| background = solo_singer| birth_name = Chesney Henry Baker, Jr.| alias =| birth_date = birth date|1929|12|23|birth_place = Yale, Oklahoma , United States|U.S. | death_date = dda|1988|5|13|1929|12|23|death_place = Amsterdam , Netherlands | origin =| instrument = Trumpet Vocals Flugelhorn Piano http://www.jazzdisco.org/chet-baker/discography/ Chet Baker Discography at jazzdisco.org| genre = West Coast Jazz | occupation = Trumpeter Vocal jazz|Jazz singer | years_active = 1949–1988 http://www.allmusic.com/artist/chet-baker-p6049 Allmusic.com| label =| associated_acts = Gerry Mulligan Art Pepper | website =| current_members =| past_members =| notable_instruments = Chesney Henry "Chet" Baker, Jr. (December 23, 1929 – May 13, 1988) was an United States|American jazz trumpeter , flugelhornist and singer .
In the 1950s, Baker earned much attention and critical praise, particularly for albums featuring his vocals, such as Chet Baker Sings . Jazz historian David Gelly descibed the promise of Baker's early career as seemingly representing " James Dean , Frank Sinatra|Sinatra , and Bix Beiderbecke|Bix , rolled into one."Gelly, David, Icons of Jazz: A History In Photographs, 1900-2000 , San Diego, Ca: Thunder Bay Books, 2000, ISBN 1-57145-268-0 However, his "well-publicized drug habit" http://books.google.com/books? id=oxzubo1GS7oC& pg=PA265& dq=%22Chet+Baker%22+autopsy+OR+coroner& lr=& cd=2#v=onepage& q=%22Chet%20Baker%22%20autopsy%20OR%20coroner& f=false Hip, the history By John Leland (journalist)|John Leland . Harper Collins. p. 265 also drove his notoriety and fame, as Baker was in-and-out of jail for much of his life before enjoying a career resurgence in the late 1970s and '80s.
Baker died in 1988 in Amsterdam , the Netherlands .Allmusic|class=artist|id=p6049|pure_url=yes Allmusic Biography
Biography
Early days
Baker was born and raised in a musical household in Yale, Oklahoma ; his father was a professional guitar player. Baker began his musical career singing in a church choir. His father introduced him to brass instruments with a trombone , which was replaced with a trumpet when the trombone proved too large.
Baker received some musical education at Glendale Junior High School, but left school at age 16 in 1946 to join the United States Army . He was posted to Berlin where he joined the 298th Army band. Leaving the army in 1948, he studied theory and harmony at El Camino College in Los Angeles . He dropped out in his second year, however, re-enlisting in the army in 1950. Baker became a member of the Sixth Army Band at the Presidio of San Francisco|Presidio in San Francisco , but was soon spending time in San Francisco jazz clubs such as Bop City and the BlackHawk (nightclub)|Black Hawk . Baker once again obtained a discharge from the army to pursue a career as a professional musician.
Career breakthrough
Baker's earliest notable professional Gig (musical performance)|gigs were with saxophonist Vido Musso 's band, and also with tenor saxophone|tenor saxophonist Stan Getz , though he earned much more renown in 1951 when he was chosen by CharlieParker to play with him for a series of West Coast engagements.Gordon, R.: Jazz West Coast , page 72. Quartet Books, 1986.
In 1952, Baker joined the Gerry Mulligan Quartet, which was an instant phenomenon. Several things made the Mulligan/Baker group special, the most prominent being the interplay between Mulligan's baritone sax and Baker's trumpet. Rather than playing identical melody lines in unison like bebop giants CharlieParker and Dizzy Gillespie , the two would complement each other's playing with counterpoint|contrapuntal touches, and it often seemed as if they had telepathy in anticipating what the other was going to play next. The Quartet's version of " My Funny Valentine ", featuring a memorable Baker solo, was a major hit, and became a song with which Baker was intimately associated.
The Quartet found success quickly, but lasted less than a year because of Mulligan's arrest and imprisonment on drug charges. In 1956, Pacific Jazz released Chet Baker Sings , a record that increased his profile but alienated traditional jazz fans; he would continue to sing throughout his career. Baker formed quartets with Russ Freeman in 1953-54 with bassists Carson Smith , Joe Mondragon , and Jimmy Bond and drummers Shelly Manne , Larry Bunker , and Bob Neel . The quartet was successful in their three live sets in 1954. In that year, Baker won the Downbeat Jazz Poll. Because of his chiseled features, Hollywood studios approached Baker and he made his acting debut in the film ''Hell's Horizon'', released in the fall of 1955. He declined an offer of a studio contract, preferring life on the road as a musician. Over the next few years, Baker fronted his own combos, including a 1955 quintet featuring Francy Boland , where Baker combined playing trumpet and singing. He became an icon of the West coast jazz|West Coast "cool school" of jazz , helped by his good looks and singing talent. Baker's 1956 recording, released for the first time in its entirety in 1989 as The Route , with Art Pepper helped further the West Coast jazz sound and became a staple of cool jazz.
Drug addiction and decline
Baker was a heroin user from the 1950s for the remainder of his life, and eventually saw his musical career decline as a result. At times, Baker pawned his instruments for money to maintain his drug habit. In the early 1960s, he served more than a year in prison in Italy on drug charges; he was later expelled from both West Germany and the UK for drug-related offenses. Baker was eventually deportation|deported from West Germany to the United States after running afoul of the law there a second time. He settled in Milpitas, California|Milpitas in northern California where he played in San Jose, California|San Jose and San Francisco, California|San Francisco between short jail terms served for Medical prescription#Forgeries.2C thefts and prevention|prescription fraud .
In 1966, Baker was savagely beaten (allegedly while attempting to buy drugs) after a Gig (musical performance)|gig in San Francisco, sustaining severe cuts on the lips and broken front teeth, which ruined his embouchure . He stated in the film '' Let's Get Lost (film)|Let's Get Lost that an acquaintance attempted to rob him one night but backed off, only to return the next night with a group of several men who chased him. He landed finally in a car where he was surrounded. Instead of rescuing him, the people inside the car pushed him back out onto the street where the chase by his attackers continued, and subsequently, he was beaten to the point that his teeth, never in good condition to begin with, were knocked out, leaving him without the ability to play his horn. He took odd jobs, among them pumping gas. Meanwhile he was fitted for dentures and worked on his embouchure. Three months later he got a gig in New York.
Between 1966 and 1974, Baker mostly played flugelhorn and recorded music that could mostly be classified as West Coast jazz .
Comeback and later career
After developing a new embouchure resulting from dentures, Baker returned to the straight-ahead jazz that began his career, relocating to New York City and began performing and recording again, notably with guitarist Jim Hall (musician)|Jim Hall . Later in the seventies, Baker returned to Europe where he was assisted by his friend Diane Vavra, who took care of his personal needs and otherwise helped him during his recording and performance dates.
In 1983, British singer Elvis Costello , a longtime fan of Baker, hired the trumpeter to play a solo on his song " Shipbuilding (song)|Shipbuilding ", from the album Punch the Clock . The song was a top 40 hit in the UK, and exposed Baker's music to a new audience. Later, Baker often featured Costello's song "Almost Blue" (inspired by Baker's version of " The Thrill Is Gone ") in his live sets, and recorded the song on '' Let's Get Lost (film)|Let's Get Lost , a documentary film about his life.
The video material recorded by Japanese television during Baker's 1987 tour in Japan showed a man whose face looked much older than he was; but his trumpet playing was alert, lively and inspired. Fans and critics alike agree that the live album Chet Baker in Tokyo , recorded less than a year before his death and released posthumously, ranks among Baker's very best. "Silent Nights", another critically acclaimed release, and Baker's only recording of Christmas music, was recorded with Christopher Mason in New Orleans in 1986 and released in 1987.
Chet Baker's compositions included "Chetty's Lullaby", "Freeway", "Early Morning Mood", "Two a Day", "So Che Ti Perderò" ("I Know I Will Lose You"), "Il Mio Domani" ("My Tomorrow"), "Motivo Su Raggio Di Luna" ("Tune on a Moon Beam"), "The Route", "Skidadidlin'", "New Morning Blues", "Blue Gilles", "Dessert", and "Anticipated Blues".
Death
At about 3 am on May 13, 1988, Baker was found dead on Prins Hendrikkade, near Zeedijk (Amsterdam)|Zeedijk , on the street below his second-story room (Room 210) of Hotel Prins Hendrik in Amsterdam , Netherlands , with serious wounds to his head. Heroin and cocaine were found in his hotel room, and an autopsy also found these drugs in his body. There was no evidence of a struggle, and the death was ruled an accidental death|accident .
Baker's body was brought home for interment in the Inglewood Park Cemetery in Inglewood, California , USA. A plaque outside the Hotel Prins Hendrik now memorializes him.
Legacy
Jeroen de Valk has written a biography of Baker which is available in several languages: Chet Baker: His Life and Music is the English language|English translation, Chet Baker: Herinneringen aan een lyrisch trompettist (remembrances of a lyrical trumpet player) is the Dutch edition (updated and expanded in 2007), http://www.jeroendevalk.nl/ Jeroendevalk.nl and it is also published in Japan and Germany . James Gavin has also written a biography: Deep In A Dream — The Long Night of Chet Baker . Baker's "lost memoirs" are available in the book As Though I Had Wings , which includes an introduction by Carol Baker.
Baker was immortalized by the photographer William Claxton (photographer)|William Claxton in his book Young Chet: The Young Chet Baker . An Academy Award -nominated 1988 documentary film|documentary about Baker, '' Let's Get Lost (film)|Let's Get Lost '', portrays him as a cultural icon of the 1950s, but juxtaposes this with his later image as a drug addict. The film, directed by fashion photographer Bruce Weber (photographer)|Bruce Weber , was shot in black-and-white and includes a series of interviews with friends, family (including his three children by third wife Carol Baker), associates and women friends, interspersed with film from Baker's earlier life, and with interviews with Baker from his last years.
Time after Time: The Chet Baker Project , written by playwright James O'Reilly, toured Canada in 2001 to much acclaim. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb1437/is_200104/ai_n5944153 Time after time: The Chet Baker project. (Review) (theater review) | Variety | Find Articles at BNET.com The musical play Chet Baker - Speedball , explores aspects of his life and music, and was premiered in London at the Oval House Theatre in February 2007, with further development of the script and performances leading to its revival at the 606 Club in the London Jazz Festival of November 2007.
Baker was reportedly the inspiration for the character Chad Bixby, played by Robert Wagner in the 1960 film All the Fine Young Cannibals . He was also the inspiration for the lead character in Fabrizio Federico's film Black Biscuit . Another film, to be titled Prince of Cool , about Baker's life, was cancelled as of January 2008. http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2008/01/31/josh-hartnett-abandons-cool-chet-baker-flick/ MTV Movies Blog » Josh Hartnett Won’t Be Getting Jazzed For ‘Cool’ Chet Baker Flick
The song "Chet Baker", which appears on the 2007 CD WallyPage and Johnny Mulhern: Live at the Annesley House , by Irish folk singer-songwriter Wally Page, describes the end of Baker's life in Amsterdam.
Honors
In 1987 he was inducted into the Big Band and Jazz Hall of Fame.
In 1989 he was elected to Down Beat Jazz Hall of Fame by that magazine's Critics Poll.
In 1991 he was inducted into the Oklahoma Jazz Hall of Fame .
In 2005 Oklahoma Governor Brad Henry and the Oklahoma House of Representatives proclaimed July 2as “Chet Baker Day”.
In 2007 Mayor of the City of Tulsa Kathy Taylor proclaimed December 23 as “Chet Baker Day”.
Discography
main|Chet Baker discography
References
Reflist
External links
http://www.chetbakerjazz.com Chet Baker Foundation
IMDb name|id=0048329|name=Chet Baker
Find a Grave|8527
http://digital.library.okstate.edu/encyclopedia/entries/B/BA007.html Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture - Baker, Chet
Authority control|LCCN=n/83/174966|PND=119006332|SELIBR=213012|VIAF=100254423 Persondata|NAME=Baker, Chet |ALTERNATIVE NAMES=Baker, Chesney Henry, Jr. |SHORT DESCRIPTION=American jazz musician |DATE OF BIRTH=December 23, 1929 |PLACE OF BIRTH= Yale, Oklahoma |DATE OF DEATH=May 13, 1988 |PLACE OF DEATH= Amsterdam, Netherlands DEFAULTSORT:Baker, Chet Category:1929 births Category:1988 deaths Category:Cool jazz musicians Category:Cool jazz trumpeters Category:American jazz singers Category:American jazz trumpeters Category:Musicians from Oklahoma Category:Accidental deaths in the Netherlands Category:Burials at Inglewood Park Cemetery Category:SteepleChase Records artists Category:Columbia Records artists Category:Enja Records artists Category:Prestige Records artists Category:Timeless Records artists Category:EmArcy Records artists Category:Verve Records artists Category:Galaxy Records artists Category:Riverside Records artists
