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Biography
Infobox musical artist |name = Conway Twitty||image = Conway Twitty.png||caption = 1990 promotional photo||image_size = |||background = solo_singer ||birth_name = Harold Lloyd Jenkins|Born = Birth date|1933|09|01 Friars Point, Mississippi |Died = Death date and age |1993|06|05|1933|09|01 Springfield, Missouri |origin = Helena, Arkansas |instrument = lead singer|vocals , guitar ||genre = Country music|country , rock and roll ||occupation = singer-songwriter ||years_active = 1955 & ndash; 1993|label = MCA Nashville Records|MCA , Elektra Records|Elektra , MGM , Decca Records|Decca , Sun Records ,|associated_acts = Loretta Lynn , Sam Moore , Jerry Lee Lewis , The Twitty Birds Conway Twitty (September 1, 1933 – June 5, 1993), born Harold Lloyd Jenkins , was an United States|American country music artist. He also had success in early rock and roll , Rhythm and blues|R& B , and pop music . He held the record for the most List of Billboard Hot Country Songs chart achievements|number one singles of any act with 55 No. 1 Hot Country Songs| Billboard country hits until George Strait broke the record in 2006. From 1971& ndash;76, Twitty received a string of Country Music Association awards for duets with Loretta Lynn . He was never a member of the Grand Ole Opry , but was inducted into both the Country Music Hall of Fame|Country Music and the Rockabilly Hall of Fame|Rockabilly Halls of Fame.
Biography
Early life
Conway Twitty was born Harold Jenkins on September 1, 1933 in Friars Point, Mississippi . He was named by his great uncle, after his favorite silent movie actor, Harold Lloyd . The Jenkins family moved to Helena, Arkansas when Jenkins was 10 years of age, and it was in Helena that he put together his first singing group, the Phillips County, Arkansas|Phillips County Ramblers.Citation needed|date=August 2007 Two years later, he had his own local radio show every Saturday morning. Jenkins also practiced his second passion, baseball . He received an offer to play with the Philadelphia Phillies after high school (Smiths Station High), but he was drafted into the United States Army|US Army . He served in the Far East and organized a group called The Cimmerons to entertain fellow GIs."Conway Twitty Magnolia Stater" (October 20, 1958), Billboard (magazine)|The Billboard , p. 58
Jenkins' neighbor, Wayne Hause suggested he could make it in the music industry. Soon after hearing Elvis Presley 's song, " Mystery Train ", he began writing rock and roll material. He headed for the Sun Records|Sun Studios in Memphis, Tennessee|Memphis , Tennessee and worked with Sam Phillips , owner and founder of Sun Studios, to get the "right" sound.Citation needed|date=August 2007
Stage name origin
Accounts of how Jenkins acquired his stage name vary. Allegedly Jenkins felt that his real name wasn't marketable and he decided to change his show business name in 1957. In "The Billboard Book of Number One Hits" Fred Bronson states that the singer was looking at a road map when he spotted Conway, Arkansas and Wheeler County, Texas|Twitty, Texas and went with the professional name of Conway Twitty.
Alternatively, Jenkins met a Richmond, Virginia , man named W. Conway Twitty Jr. through Jenkins' manager in a New York City restaurant. The manager served in the US Army with the real Conway Twitty. Later, the manager suggested to Jenkins that he take the name as his stage name because it had a ring to it. W. Conway Twitty subsequently recorded the song, "What's in A Name But Trouble" in the mid-1960s, lamenting the loss of his name to Jenkins.
Pop and rock and roll success
Twitty's fortunes changed in 1958, while he was with MGM Records , under the name Conway. An Ohio radio station did not play "I'll Try", an MGM single that went nowhere in terms of sales, radio play, and jukebox play; instead playing the B side, " It's Only Make Believe ", a song written between sets by Twitty and drummer Jack Nance when they were in Hamilton, Ontario playing at the Flamingo Lounge.cite press release| title =The Hamilton Memory Project;| publisher =The Hamilton Spectator Newspaper-Souvenir Edition page MP44| date =June 10, 2006| accessdate = 2008-01-25 The record took nearly one year to reach and stay at the Hot 100 number-one hits of 1958 (United States)|top spot on the Billboard magazine|Billboard pop music charts in the U.S., as well as No. 1 in 21 other countries. It became the first of nine Top 40 hits for Twitty. That same year, country singer Tabby West of ABC-TV's Ozark Jubilee heard Twitty and he was booked to appear on the show.
For a brief period, some believed he was Elvis Presley recording under a different name. This was largely the case with "It's Only Make Believe". Twitty would go on to enjoy rock and roll success with songs including " Danny Boy " (pop No. 10) and "Lonely Blue Boy" (pop No. 6). "Lonely Blue Boy", originally titled "Danny", was recorded by Presley for the film King Creole but was not used in the soundtrack.Citation needed|date=April 2008 In 1960, he appeared in three feature films, College Confidential , Sex Kittens Go to College and Platinum High School .
Country music career
Twitty always wanted to record country music and& mdash;beginning in 1965& mdash;he did just that. His first few country albums were met with some country DJs refusing to play them because he was known as a rock-n-roll singer. However, he finally broke free with his first top five country hit, "The Image of Me", in July 1968, ensued by his first number one country song, " Next in Line (Conway Twitty song)|Next In Line ", in November 1968. Few of his singles beginning in 1968 ranked below the top 5.
In 1970, Twitty recorded and released his biggest hit ever, " Hello Darlin' (song)|Hello Darlin' " (which spent four weeks at the top of the country chart). In 1971 he released his first hit duet with Loretta Lynn , " After the Fire Is Gone ". It was a success, and many more followed, including " Lead Me On (Loretta Lynn & Conway Twitty song)|Lead Me On " (1971), " Louisiana Woman, Mississippi Man (song)|Louisiana Woman, Mississippi Man " (1973), " As Soon As I Hang Up the Phone " (1974), " Feelins' " (1975), "I Still Believe In Waltzes", " I Can't Love You Enough " and many others. Together, Conway and Loretta (as they were known in their act), won four consecutive Country Music Association awards for vocal duo (1972–75) and a host of other duo and duet awards from other organizations throughout the 1970s.
In 1973, Twitty released " You've Never Been This Far Before ", which was not only No. 1 in country for three weeks that September but also reached No. 22 on the pop charts. Some disc jockeys refused to play the song because of its suggestive lyrics.
In 1978 he issued the single "The Grandest Lady of Them All" honoring the Grand Ole Opry, but for the first time since 1967, a single of his failed to reach top-10 status as some radio stations refused to play a song honoring the property of a competitor (broadcast by WSM-AM ). Nevertheless, the single reached the top 20 but it peaked well below expectations, and this set in motion the changes that were to take place in his career, including a new hairstyle, changing from the slicked-back pompadour (hairstyle)|pompadour style to the curlier style he would keep the rest of his life.
In 1985, going by all weekly music trade charts, the song " Don't Call Him a Cowboy " became the 50th single of his career to achieve a No. 1 ranking. He would have five more through 1990, giving him a total of 55 number 1 hits. George Strait eclipsed the feat of 50 number 1 hits in 2002 with his single " She'll Leave You With a Smile " and then reached No. 1 for the 56th time in 2007 with the single " Wrapped (Bruce Robison song)|Wrapped ".
Throughout much of his country music career his home was Decca Records, later re-named MCA Records|MCA . He signed with the label in late 1965 but left in 1981 when it appeared Decca was marketing and promoting newer acts, plus management at the label had changed and other factors brought on the decision. He joined Elektra/Asylum in 1982. That label merged with its parent company , Warner Bros. Records in 1983. He stayed on with Warner Bros. Records through early 1987 but then went back to MCA to finish out his career. In 1990, shortly before he died, he recorded a new album, Final Touches .
Twitty City
Twitty lived for many years in Hendersonville, Tennessee , just north of Nashville, Tennessee|Nashville , where he built a country music entertainment complex called Twitty City . The address was 1 Country Music Blvd. Its lavish displays of Christmas lights were a famous local sight. Conway Twitty and Twitty City were once featured on the TV series Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous . Twitty City was also seen in the Nashville episode of the BBC series Entertainment USA , presented by Jonathan King . A popular tourist stop throughout the 1980s and into the early 1990s, it was shut down in 1994 following a year-long tribute show called Final Touches, when fans and peers in the music business dropped by. The complex was auctioned off and bought by the Trinity Broadcasting Network for its religious programs.
Death
Twitty became ill while performing in Branson, Missouri , and was in pain while he was on the tour bus. He died in Springfield, Missouri , at Cox South Hospital from an abdominal aortic aneurysm . He died two months before the release of what would be his final studio album, Final Touches , and four months before the release of George Jones 's album High-Tech Redneck which featured a cover of " Hello Darlin' (song)|Hello Darlin' ".
Posthumous releases
Since his death, Twitty's son Michael and grandson Tre have been carrying on the legacy of his music. His most recent chart appearance on the country charts was a duet with Anita Cochran , "I Want to Hear A Cheating Song" (2004), which was made possible due to the availability of the original multi-track session tapes of his version of the song, recorded in the early 1980s. As a result, Twitty's isolated vocal track was electronically lifted off the session master, transferred to a digital multi-track and digitally re-assembled into the new performance.
Similar to the electronic duets of Patsy Cline and Jim Reeves , Hank Williams Jr. and Hank Williams Sr. or Nat King Cole and Natalie Cole , Anita Cochran added her vocal to the already-produced backing tracks along with Twitty's reconstructed vocal.
Legal issues
Taxes
Twitty's success in country music was a key factor in his winning a 1983 case, Harold L. Jenkins (a/k/a Howard Twitty) v. Commissioner in United States Tax Court . The Internal Revenue Service denied Twitty's attempt to Tax deduction|deduct from his taxes, as an "ordinary and necessary" business expense, payments he had made in order to repay investors in a defunct fast-food chain called Twitty Burger. The chain went under in 1971. The general rule is that the payment of someone else's debts is not deductible. Twitty alleged that his primary motive was "protecting his personal business reputation." The court opinion contained testimony from Twitty about his bond with country music fans.
Estate
Twitty married three times. His widow, Dee Henry Jenkins, and his four grown children from the previous marriages, Michael, Joni, Kathy and Jimmy Jenkins, engaged in a public dispute over the estate. Twitty's will had not been updated to account for the third marriage, but Tennessee law reserves one third of any estate to the widow. After years of probate, the four children received the rights to Twitty's music, name and image. The rest of the estate went to public auction , where much of the property and memorabilia was sold after his widow rejected the appraised value.
In 2008, controversy again erupted in his family when the four remaining children sued Sony/ATV Music Publishing over an agreement that Twitty and his family signed in 1990. The suit alleged that the terms of the agreement were not fully understood by the children, although they were all adults at the time. It sought to recover copyrights and royalty revenue that the document assigned to the company.cite web|url= http://new.music.yahoo.com/conway-twitty/news/twittys-children-sue-sony-for-royalties--57964316|title=Twitty's children sue Sony for royalties|publisher= Yahoo& #33; Music |date=2008-03-01
55 Number Ones
Twitty was the only singer to have 55 number one hits in his career until George Strait eventually eclipsed the long-held record. Conway's 55th and final number one was Crazy In Love in 1990. His first was It's Only Make Believe in 1958 on the pop charts. He is best known for his 1970 #1 single " Hello Darlin' (song)|Hello Darlin' ".
Discography
main|Conway Twitty discography
Awards
Academy of Country Music
Academy of Country Music|1971 Top Vocal Duo with Loretta Lynn
Academy of Country Music|1974 Top Vocal Duo with Loretta Lynn
Academy of Country Music|1975 Album of the Year with Loretta Lynn - ''Feelin's
Academy of Country Music|1975 Top Male Vocalist
Academy of Country Music|1975 Top Vocal Duo with Loretta Lynn
Academy of Country Music|1976 Top Vocal Duo with Loretta Lynn
Country Music Association
Country Music Association Awards|1972 Vocal Duo of the Year with Loretta Lynn
Country Music Association Awards|1973 Vocal Duo of the Year with Loretta Lynn
Country Music Association Awards|1974 Vocal Duo of the Year with Loretta Lynn
Country Music Association Awards|1975 Vocal Duo of the Year with Loretta Lynn
Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum
Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum|Inducted in 1999
Delta Music Museum|Delta Music Museum Hall of Fame
Posthumous inductee
Grammy Awards
Grammy Award for Best Country Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal|1971 Best Country Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal with Loretta Lynn - "After the Fire is Gone"
Grammy Hall of Fame Award|1999 Hall of Fame Award - " Hello Darlin' (song)|Hello Darlin' "
Rockabilly Hall of Fame
Posthumous inductee
Covers
While Twitty was known to cover songs& mdash;most notably " Slow Hand " which was a major pop hit for the Pointer Sisters , " The Rose (song)|The Rose " which was a major pop hit for Bette Midler , and " Heartache Tonight " which was a major pop hit for The Eagles (band)|Eagles ; Twitty's songs have also been covered numerous times, including four notable covers, George Jones ' rendition of "Hello Darlin", Blake Shelton 's " Goodbye Time ", The Misfits (band)|The Misfits and Glen CampbellAllmusic|class=artist|id=p1543|pure_url=yes Allmusic versions of " It's Only Make Believe " and Elvis Presley's version of " There's a Honky Tonk Angel (Who'll Take Me Back In) ". In addition, Ken Checker's version of " I'd Love to Lay You Down " was sung and received some airplay, mostly in the concert realm.
Some artists have had hits with songs that Twitty recorded but never released as singles. Among these are: The Oak Ridge Boys 's top-5 hit, "I Wish You Could Have Turned My Head (And Left My Heart Alone)," originally from Conway's 1979 "Crosswinds" release, Steve Wariner 's " I'm Already Taken " from Twitty's 1981 album Mr. T (which Wariner wrote), Lee Greenwood 's "It Turns Me Inside Out" from Twittty's 1982 album Southern Comfort , John Conlee 's " In My Eyes (John Conlee song)|In My Eyes " from Twitty's 1982 album Dream Maker , John Schneider (television actor)|John Schneider 's "What's a Memory Like You (Doin' in a Love Like This? )" from Twitty's 1985 album ''Chasin' Rainbows'', and Daryle Singletary 's " Ain't It the Truth|The Note " and Ricky Van Shelton 's " Somebody Lied " from Twitty's 1985 album '' Don't Call Him a Cowboy .
Popular culture
Live action footage of Twitty has been featured many times as a running gag on the Fox animated TV series Family Guy . In the show, one of the characters (usually Peter Griffin ) claims they need a distraction and turns to the camera and says "Ladies and gentlemen... Mr. Conway Twitty," followed by a portion of actual, live-action footage from one of Twitty's many television performances in which he sings "Hello Darling". When this same joke was used in the episode " The Juice Is Loose ," the entirety of Twitty performing " I See the Want To in Your Eyes " was shown. In the straight to DVD release '' It's a Trap! , at the end of a scene in which Luke Skywalker , played by Chris, informs Leia, played by Lois, that she is his sister; Leia addresses the audience and says "Ladies and Gentlemen... Mr. Darth Twitty" and cuts to Twitty performing with a Darth Vader helmet digitally superimposed on his head.
The antagonist of the 1993 LucasArts videogame Sam & Max Hit the Road is named Conroy Bumpus, and his name, appearance and background are meant to resemble that of Twitty.
The fictional character "Conrad Birdie" in the musical and movie Bye Bye Birdie (musical)|Bye Bye Birdie is said to be a composite of Conway Twitty and Elvis Presley. The part was written with Twitty in mind but, after deciding to concentrate on music rather than film or theatre, he declined the role. http://conwaytwitty.com/index.htm? id=9266 Official Conway Twitty Website
Notes
Reflist
Bibliography
Cite document|last=Cross|first=Wilbur|last2=Kosser|first2=Michael|title=The Conway Twitty Story: an Authorized Biography|publisher=Doubleday|date=1986|isbn=9780385231985|postscript=.
Oermann, Robert K. (1998). "Conway Twitty". In The Encyclopedia of Country Music . Paul Kingsbury, Editor. New York: Oxford University Press. pp.& nbsp;553–4. lpdiscography.com.
External links
Portal|Biography
http://www.conwaytwitty.com Official Conway Twitty Website
Allmusic|class=artist|id=p1851|pure_url=yes Conway Twitty at Allmusic
http://www.thevideobeat.com/store/wc-conway-twitty-movies.html Conway Twitty movies
imdb name|id=0878617|name=Conway Twitty
http://www.countrymusichalloffame.org/full-list-of-inductees/view/conway-twitty At the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum
Persondata|NAME=Twitty, Conway |ALTERNATIVE NAMES=Jenkins, Harold Lloyd |SHORT DESCRIPTION=American singer and songwriter |DATE OF BIRTH=September 1, 1933 |PLACE OF BIRTH=Friars Point, Mississippi |DATE OF DEATH=June 5, 1993 |PLACE OF DEATH=Missouri DEFAULTSORT:Twitty, Conway Category:1933 births Category:1993 deaths Category:People from Coahoma County, Mississippi Category:Deaths from abdominal aortic aneurysm Category:American country singers Category:American male singers Category:Musicians from Mississippi Category:American country singer-songwriters Category:Musicians from Arkansas Category:Country Music Hall of Fame inductees Category:People from Phillips County, Arkansas Category:Grammy Award winners Category:Rockabilly Hall of Fame inductees Category:MGM Records artists Category:Decca Records artists Category:Charly Records artists
