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Biography
For||Deus (disambiguation)|DEI (disambiguation)godwiktionary|deus Deus (IPA-la|'de??s) is Latin for " God (word)|god " or " deity ". Latin deus and divus "divine", are descended from Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European * deiwos , from the same root (linguistics)|root as Dyeus|*Dyeus , the reconstructed chief god of the Proto-Indo-European religion|Proto-Indo-European pantheon . Compare Greek language|Greek Zeus (?e?? zdeús ; Aeolic Greek ?e?? deús ) and Sanskrit ??? Deva (Hinduism)|deva .
In Classical Latin , Glossary of ancient Roman religion#deus, dea, di, dii| deus (feminine dea ) was a general noun Generale nomen : Servius , note to Aeneid 12.139. List of Roman deities|referring to a deity , while in technical usage a Glossary of ancient Roman religion#divus| divus or diva was a figure who had become divine, such as a Imperial cult (ancient Rome)|divinized emperor . In Late Latin , Deus came to be used mostly of the Christian God . It was inherited by the Romance languages in French dieu , Spanish dios , Portuguese deus , Italian dio , etc.
Latin Bible
Latin deus consistently translates Greek ?e?? theos in both the Vetus Latina and Jerome 's Vulgate . In the Septuagint , Greek theos in turn renders Biblical Hebrew|Hebrew Elohim (????????? , ?????).
In theological terminology
The word de-us is the root of Deity , deism , pandeism , wiktionary:panendeism|panendeism , and polydeism , ironically all of which are theories in which any divine figure is absent from intervening in human affairs. This curious circumstance originates from the use of the word "deism" in the 17th and 18th centuries as a contrast to the prevailing " theism ", belief in an actively intervening God:
quotation|The new religion of reason would be known as Deism. It had no time for the imaginative disciplines of mysticism and mythology . It turned its back on the myth of revelation and on such traditional "mysteries" as the Trinity, which had for so long held people in the thrall of superstition . Instead it declared allegiance to the impersonal "Deus".Karen Armstrong, A History of God (1993), page 310. Followers of these theories, and occasionally followers of pantheism , may sometimes refer to God as "Deus" or "the Deus" to make clear that the entity being discussed is not a theistic "God". Arthur C. Clarke picks up this usage in his novel 3001: The Final Odyssey . William Blake said of the Deists that they worship "the Deus of the Heathen, The God of This World, & the Goddess Nature, Mystery, Babylon the Great, The Druid Dragon & hidden Harlot".Samuel Foster Damon, Morris Eaves, A Blake dictionary: the ideas and symbols of William Blake? , 1988, page 103.
In René Descartes|Cartesian philosophy, the phrase deus deceptor is sometimes used to discuss the possibility of an evil God that seeks to deceive us. This character is related to a skepticism|skeptical argument as to how much we can really know if an evil demon were attempting to thwart our knowledge. Another is the deus otiosus ("idle god"), a theological concept used to describe the belief in a creator god who largely retires from the world and is no longer involved in its daily operation. A similar concept is that of the deus absconditus ("hidden god") of Thomas Aquinas . Both refer to a deity whose existence is not readily knowable by humans through either contemplation or examination of divine actions. The concept of deus otiosus often suggests a god who has grown weary from involvement in this world and who has been replaced by younger, more active gods, whereas deus absconditus suggests a god who has consciously left this world to hide elsewhere.
Latin phrases with "deus"
Nobiscum deus ("God with us") was a battle cry of the late Roman Empire and of the ByzantineEmpire . The name Amadeus (disambiguation)|Amadeus translates to "for love of God". The genitive/dative dei occurs in such phrases as Roman Catholic organization Opus Dei (work of God), Agnus Dei ( Lamb of God ) and Dei gratia|Dei Gratia ( By the Grace of God ).
