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Biography
About|the Italian painter|the Norwegian New Wave/synth pop band|Fra Lippo Lippi (band) For the Robert Browning poem, see Fra Lippo Lippi (poem) . Infobox artist| bgcolour = #EEDD83| name = Fra' Filippo Lippi| image = Fra Filippo Lippi 007.1.jpg| imagesize =| caption = Selfportrait of Fra' Filippo Lippi| birth_name = Filippo Lippi| birth_date = c. 1406| birth_place = Florence , Italy | death_date = 8 October death year and age|1469|1409| death_place = Spoleto , Italy | nationality = Italy|Italian | field = Painting , Fresco | training =| movement = Early Renaissance | works = Madonna and Child Enthroned (Fra Lippo Lippi)|Madonna and Child Enthroned , Annunciation (Lippi, Munich)|Annunciation | patrons =| influenced by =| influenced =| awards ='''Fra' Filippo Lippi' ( c. 1406 & ndash; 8 October 1469), also called Lippo Lippi , was an Italy|Italian painter of the Italian Quattrocento (15th century).
Biography and works
Lippi was born in Florence to Tommaso, a butcher. Both his parents died when he was still a child. Mona Lapaccia, his aunt, took charge of the boy. In 1420 he was registered in the community of the Carmelite friars of the Santa Maria del Carmine, Florence|Carmine in Florence , where he remained until 1432, taking the Carmelite vows in 1421 when he was sixteen.CathEncy|wstitle=Filippo Lippi In his Lives of the Artists , Giorgio Vasari|Vasari says: "Instead of studying, he spent all his time scrawling pictures on his own books and those of others." The prior decided to give him the opportunity to learn painting.
Eventually Fra Filippo quit the monastery, but it appears he was not released from his vows; in a letter dated 1439 he describes himself as the poorest friar of Florence, charged with the maintenance of six marriageable nieces. In 1452 he was appointed chaplain to the convent of S. Giovannino in Florence, and in 1457 rector ( Rettore Commendatario ) of S. Quirico in Legania, and made occasional, considerable profits; but his poverty seems chronic, his money being spent, according to one account, in frequent amours .
Vasari relates Lippi's visits to Ancona and Naples , his capture by Barbary pirates and enslavement in Barbary , where his skill in portrait-sketching helped to release him.cite book|last=Greene|first=Robert|title=The 48 Laws of Power|publisher=Penguin Books|year=2000|pages=187|isbn=0-14-028019-7 From 1431 to 1437 his career is not accounted for. In June 1456 Fra Filippo is recorded as living in Prato (near Florence) to paint frescoes in the choir of the cathedral. In 1458, while engaged in this work, he set about painting a picture for the convent chapel of S. Margherita of Prato where he met Lucrezia Buti, the beautiful daughter of a Florentine named Francesco Buti; she was either a novice or a young lady placed under the nuns' guardianship. Lippi asked that she might be permitted to sit for the figure of the Madonna (or perhaps S. Margherita). Under that pretext, Lippi engaged in sexual relations with her, abducted her to his own house, and kept her there despite the nuns' efforts to reclaim her. The result was their son Filippino Lippi , who became a painter no less famous than his father. Such is Vasari's narrative, published less than a century after the alleged events.
The frescoes in the choir of Prato Cathedral|the cathedral of Prato , which depict the stories of St. John the Baptist and St. Stephen on the two main facing walls, are considered Fra Filippo's most important and monumental works, particularly the figure of Salome dancing, which has clear affinities with later works by Sandro Botticelli , his pupil, and Filippino Lippi , his son, as well as the scene showing the ceremonial mourning over Stephen's corpse. This latter is believed to contain a portrait of the painter, but there are various opinions as to which is the exact figure. On the end wall of the choir are S. Giovanni Gualberto and S. Alberto, while the vault has monumental representations of the four evangelists.
The close of Lippi's life was spent at Spoleto , where he had been commissioned to paint, for the apse of Spoleto Cathedral|the cathedral , scenes from the life of the Virgin . In the semidome of the apse is the Coronation of the Virgin|Christ Crowning the Madonna , with angels, sibyls and prophets . This series, which is not wholly equal to the one at Prato, was completed by Fra Diamante after Lippi's death. That Lippi died in Spoleto, on or about the 8th of October 1469, is a fact; the mode of his death is a matter of dispute. It has been said that the pope granted Lippi a dispensation for marrying Lucrezia, but before the permission arrived, Lippi had been poisoned by the indignant relatives of either Lucrezia herself or some lady who had replaced her in the inconstant painter's affections.Citation needed|date=May 2010 The altarpiece Lippi painted in 1441 for the nuns of S. Ambrogio is now a prominent attraction in the Academy of Florence, and was celebrated in Browning's well-known poem. It represents the coronation of the Virgin among angels and saints, including many Bernardine monks. One of these, placed to the right, is a half-length portrait of Lippo, pointed out by the inscription perfecit opus upon an angel's scroll. The price paid for this work in 1447 was 1200 Florentine lire, which seems surprisingly large.
For Germiniano Inghirami of Prato he painted the Death of St. Bernard. His principal altarpiece in this city is a Nativity in the refectory of S. Domenico & mdash; the Infant on the ground adored by the Virgin and Joseph, between Saints George and Dominic, in a rocky landscape, with the shepherds playing and six angels in the sky. In the Uffizi Gallery|Uffizi is a fine Virgin adoring the infant Christ, who is held by two angels; in the National Gallery, London , a Vision of St Bernard . The picture of the Virgin and Infant with an Angel , in this same gallery, also ascribed to Lippi, is disputable.
Filippo Lippi died in 1469 while working on the frescoes of Scenes of the life of the Virgin Mary , 1467–1469 in the apse of the Spoleto Cathedral . The Frescos show the Annunciation, the Funeral, the Adoration of the Child and the Coronation of the Virgin. A group of bystanders at the Funeral includes a self-portrait of Lippi together with his son Filippino and his helpers Fra Diamante and Pier Matteo d'Amelia . Lippi was buried on the right side of the transept, with a monument commissioned by Lorenzo de' Medici and executed by his son Filippino and others; he had always been zealously patronized by the Medici family, beginning with Cosimo de' Medici . Pesellino|Francesco di Pesello (called Pesellino) and Sandro Botticelli were among his most distinguished pupils.
Selected works
Madonna and Child Enthroned with Saints (Fra Lippo Lippi)|Madonna and Child Enthroned with Saints (c. 1430) - Panel, 43,7 x 34,3& nbsp;cm, Museo Diocesano, Empoli
Madonna and Child Enthroned (Fra Lippo Lippi)|Madonna and Child Enthroned (Madonna of Tarquinia) (1437) -Tempera on panel, 151 x 66& nbsp;cm, Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica , Rome
Madonna and Child with Saints and Angels (Fra Lippo Lippi)|Madonna and Child with Saints (1438) - Panel, 208 x 244& nbsp;cm, The Louvre , Paris
St. Jerome in Penance (Fra Lippo Lippi)|St. Jerome in Penance (c. 1439) - Tempera on panel, 54 x 37& nbsp;cm, Staatliches Lindenau Museum, Altenburg
The Annunciation with two Kneeling Donors (Lippi)|The Annunciation with two Kneeling Donors (c. 1440) - Oil on panel, 155 x 144& nbsp;cm, Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica, Rome
Annunciation (Lippi, San Lorenzo)|Martelli Annunciation (c. 1440) - Tempera on panel, 175 x 183& nbsp;cm, San Lorenzo, Florence
Coronation of the Virgin (Filippo Lippi)|Coronation of the Virgin (1441–1447) - Tempera on panel, 200 x 287& nbsp;cm, Uffizi , Florence
Annunciation (Lippi, Munich)|Annunciation (c. 1443-1450) - Wood, 203 x 185.3& nbsp;cm, Alte Pinakothek, Munich
Coronation of the Virgin (Filippo Lippi, Rome)|Marsuppini Coronation (after 1444) - Tempera on panel, 172 x 251& nbsp;cm, Pinacoteca Vaticana , Rome
Annunciation (Lippi, Rome)|Annunciation (1445–50) - Oil on panel, 117 x 173& nbsp;cm, Galleria Doria Pamphilj , Rome
Annunciation (Lippi, London)|Annunciation (c. 1449–1459) - Tempera on panel, 68 x 151.5& nbsp;cm, National Gallery, London
Seven Saints (Lippi)|Seven Saints (c. 1449–1459) - Tempera on panel, 68 x 151.5& nbsp;cm, National Gallery, London
Madonna and Child (Fra Lippo Lippi)|Madonna and Child (c. 1452) - Panel, diameter 135& nbsp;cm, Pitti Gallery , Florence
Funeral of St. Jerome (Fra Lippo Lippi)|Funeral of St. Jerome (c. 1452–1460) - Tempera on panel, 268 x 165 cm, Museo dell'Opera del Duomo, Prato Cathedral
Feast of Herod (Fra Lippo Lippi)|Feast of Herod (1452–1466) - Fresco, Prato Cathedral
St. John the Baptist Bids Farewell to His Family (Fra Lippo Lippi)|St. John the Baptist Bids Farewell to His Family (1452–1466) - Fresco, Cathedral of Prato
Madonna del Ceppo (c. 1452-1453) - Panel, 187 x 120& nbsp;cm, Civic Museum, Prato
Madonna and Child (Fra Lippo Lippi)|Madonna and Child (c. 1455) - Panel, Uffizi Gallery , Florence
Adoration in the Forest (Lippi)|Adoration in the Forest (late 1450s) - Panel, 127 x 116& nbsp;cm, Staatliche Museen , Berlin
Madonna of Palazzo Medici-Riccardi (1466–1469) - Tempera on panel, 115 x 71 cm, Palazzo Medici-Riccardi , Florence
Scenes of the Life of Virgin Mary (1467–1469) - Fresco, apse of the Spoleto Cathedral
Notes
Reflist
References
1911
cite book|last=Canaday|title=The Lives of the Painters Vol. 1. |location=New York|publisher= Norton and Company|year=1969
cite book|last= Kleiner|first=Fred S. |coauthors=Christian J. Mamiya
|title=Art Through the Ages|publisher=Thomson & Wadsworth|year=2005
cite book|last= Hartt|first=Frederick|title=The History of Italian Renaissance Art|location=London|publisher=Thames and Hudson|year=1980
External links
Commons category|Fra Filippo Lippi
http://www.frafilippolippi.org www.FraFilippoLippi.org 75 works by Filippo Lippi
Use dmy dates|date=February 2011 Persondata | NAME =Lippi, Filippo | ALTERNATIVE NAMES = | SHORT DESCRIPTION = | DATE OF BIRTH = 1406 | PLACE OF BIRTH = Florence , Italy |date of death=8 October 1469 | PLACE OF DEATH = Spoleto , Italy DEFAULTSORT:Lippi, Filippo Category:1406 births Category:1469 deaths Category:People from Florence Category:Italian painters Category:Renaissance painters Category:Tuscan painters Category:Carmelites Category:Roman Catholic Church painters
