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Redirect|FragranceRedirect|Odorants|the punk rock band|The Odorantsdistinguish|AromaticityAn aroma compound , also known as odorant , aroma , fragrance or flavor , is a chemical compound that has a smell or odor . A chemical compound has a smell or odor when it is sufficiently volatile to be transported to the olfactory system in the upper part of the nose.
Generally molecules meeting this specification have molecular weight s of <300. Flavors affect both the sense of taste and smell whereas fragrances affect only smell. Flavors tend to be naturally occurring, and fragrances tend to be synthetic.Karl-Georg Fahlbusch, Franz-Josef Hammerschmidt, Johannes Panten, Wilhelm Pickenhagen, Dietmar Schatkowski, , Kurt Bauer, Dorothea Garbe and Horst Surburg "Flavors and Fragrances" Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2003, Wiley-VCH. DOI|10.1002/14356007.a11_141
Aroma compounds can be found in food , wine , spices , perfume s, fragrance oil s, and essential oil s. For example, many form biochemical ly during ripening of fruit s and other crops. In wines, most form as byproducts of Fermentation (wine)|fermentation . Odorants can also be added to a dangerous odorless substance, like propane , natural gas , or Hydrogen odorant|hydrogen , as a warning. Also, many of the aroma compounds play a significant role in the production of flavor ants, which are used in the food service industry to flavor, improve, and generally increase the appeal of their products.
gamma-Nonalactone coconut odor, popular in suntan lotions
delta-Octalactone creamy note
Jasmine lactone powerful fatty fruity peach and apricot
Massoia lactone powerful creamy coconut
Wine lactone sweet coconut odor
Sotolon ( maple syrup , curry , fenugreek )
Thiols
Ethanethiol , commonly called ethyl mercaptan (added to propane or other liquefied petroleum gases used as fuel gases)
tert-Butylthiol|2-Methyl-2-propanethiol , commonly called tert -butyl mercaptan is added as a blend of other components to natural gas used as fuel gas.
Butanethiol|Butane-1-thiol , commonly called normal butyl mercaptan is a chemical intermediate.
Grapefruit mercaptan (grapefruit)
Methanethiol , commonly called methyl mercaptan ( Durian or leek )
Miscellaneous compounds
Methylphosphine and dimethylphosphine (garlic-metallic, two of the most potent odorants known)cite journal
| author= D. Glindemann, A. Dietrich, H. Staerk, P. Kuschk, | title = The Two Odors of Iron when Touched or Pickled: (Skin) Carbonyl Compounds and Organophosphines | journal = Angewandte Chemie International Edition | year = 2005 | volume = 45 | issue = 42 | pages = 7006–7009 | doi = 10.1002/anie.200602100 | pmid= 17009284
Animals that are capable of olfaction|smell detect aroma compounds with olfactory receptor s. Olfactory receptors are cell membrane receptor (biology)|receptors on the surface of sensory neurons in the olfactory system that detect air-borne aroma compounds.
In mammal s, olfactory receptors are gene expression|expressed on the surface of the olfactory epithelium in the nasal cavity .
Safety
'Fragrance' was voted Allergen of the Year in 2007 by the American Contact Dermatitis Society. The composition of fragrances are usually not disclosed in the label of products, hiding the actual chemicals of the formula, which raises concerns among some consumers. http://www.ewg.org/reports/nottoopretty/ Toxic chemicals linked to birth defects are being found at alarming levels in women of childbearing age
References
See also
Flavour and Fragrance Journal
Fragrances of the World
Foodpairing
Odor
Odor detection threshold
Olfaction
Olfactory system
Olfactory receptor
Odorizer , a device for adding an odorant to gas flowing through a pipe
