In Ancient Greek language|Ancient Greek , gamma represented a voiced velar stop IPA|/g/. In Modern Greek , it represents a voiced consonant|voiced fricative . It is realized either as a voiced palatal fricative|palatal IPA|/?/ (before a front vowel , /e, i/), or as a voiced velar fricative|velar IPA|/?/ (in all other environments).
Both in Ancient and in Modern Greek, before other velars (?, ?, ? k, kh, ks ), gamma represents a velar nasal IPA|/?/. A double gamma ?? represents the sequence IPA|/?g/ (phonetically varying IPA|?g~g) or IPA|/??/.
International Phonetic Alphabet
In the International Phonetic Alphabet , lowercase gamma (IPA|?) represents the voiced velar fricative . A lowercase gamma that lies above the baseline (typography)|baseline rather than crossing it (IPA|?) represents the close-mid back unrounded vowel .
Math and science
Lower case
The lower-case letter is used as a symbol for:
chromatic number of a Graph theory|graph . Sometimes is used, which is unfortunate since this is also used for the Euler characteristic
gamma radiation in nuclear physics
surface energy in materials science
the Lorentz factor in theory of relativity
The heat capacity ratio Cp/Cv in thermodynamics
The activity coefficient in thermodynamics
The gyromagnetic ratio in electromagnetism
gamma waves|gamma oscillation in neuroscience
Gamma motoneuron|Gamma motoneurons in neuroscience
Gamma is a non- International System of Units|SI metric system|metric units of measurement|unit of measure of mass equal to one micro-|micro gram (1 µg). This always rare use is currently deprecated.
Gamma is also a non- International System of Units|SI units of measurement|unit of measure of magnetic field|magnetic flux density , sometimes used in geophysics , equal to 1 nano-|nano tesla (unit)|tesla (nT).
the power by which the luminance of an image is increased in gamma correction
The Euler–Mascheroni constant
In mechanical engineering,
* specific weight
*The shear rate of a fluid is represented by a lower case gamma with a dot above it:
* Austenite (also known as ?-iron), a metallic non-magnetic allotrope or solid solution of iron.
Upper case
The upper-case letter is used as a symbol for:
In mathematics, the gamma function (usually written as -function) is an extension of the factorial to complex number s
In probability theory and statistics, the gamma distribution is a two-parameter family of continuous probability distributions.
circulation (fluid dynamics)|circulation in fluid mechanics
As reflection coefficient in physics and electrical engineering
The tape alphabet of a Turing machine
Meteorology
Gamma was one of the names used in the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season as Tropical Storm Gamma .
Technical notes
HTML
The List of XML and HTML character entity references#Character entity references in HTML|HTML entities for uppercase and lowercase gamma are & amp;Gamma; and & amp;gamma;.
