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Biography
Infobox person| name = Joaquín Rodrigo| image =| caption = Joaquín Rodrigo in later life, with Julian Lloyd Webber | image_size = 240px| birth_date = November 22, 1901| birth_place = Sagunt - Sagunto|Sagunto , Province of Valencia|Valencia , Spain | death_date = death date and age|1999|7|6|1901|11|22| death_place = Madrid | nationality = Spanish| alma_mater =| occupation =| networth =| religion =| spouse = Victoria Kamhi | children =| residence =| salary = Joaquín Rodrigo Vidre, 1st Marquis of the Gardens of Aranjuez (November 22, 1901spaced ndashJuly 6, 1999), commonly known as Joaquín Rodrigo , was a composer of nationalist music and a virtuoso pianist. Despite being nearly blind from an early age, he achieved great success. Rodrigo's music counts among some of the most popular of the 20th century, particularly his Concierto de Aranjuez , considered one of the pinnacles of the Music of Spain|Spanish music and guitar concerto repertoire.
Life
He was born in Sagunt - Sagunto|Sagunto , Province of Valencia|Valencia , and almost completely lost his sight at the age of three after contracting diphtheria . He began to study solfège , piano and violin at the age of eight; harmony and composition from the age of sixteen. Although distinguished by having raised the Spanish guitar to dignity as a universal concert instrument and best known for his guitar music, he never mastered the instrument himself. He wrote his compositions in Braille music|Braille , which was transcribed for publication.
Rodrigo studied music under Francisco Antich in Valencia, Spain|Valencia and under Paul Dukas at the École Normale de Musique in Paris . After briefly returning to Spain, he went to Paris again to study musicology , first under Maurice Emmanuel and then under André Pirro . His first published compositionsr|Suite for piano date from 1940. In 1943 he received Spain's National Prize for Orchestra for Cinco piezas infantiles ("Five Children's Pieces"), based on his earlier composition of the same piece for two pianos, premiered by Ricardo Viñes . From 1947 Rodrigo was a professor of music history , holding the Manuel de Falla Chair of Music in the Faculty of Philosophy and Letters, at Complutense University of Madrid .
His most famous work, Concierto de Aranjuez , was composed in 1939 in Paris, and in later life he and his wife declared that it was written as a response to the miscarriage of their first child.r|BBC Radio 4 It is a concerto for guitar and orchestra. The central Tempo|adagio movement is one of the most recognizable in 20th century classical music, featuring the interplay of guitar with cor anglais|English horn . This movement was later adapted by the jazz arranger Gil Evans for Miles Davis ' 1960 album Sketches of Spain . The Concerto was adapted by the composer himself for Harp and Orchestra and dedicated to Nicanor Zabaleta .
The success of this concerto led to commissions from a number of prominent soloists, including Nicanor Zabaleta, for whom Rodrigo dedicated his Concierto serenata for Harp and Orchestra, Julian Lloyd Webber , for whom Rodrigo composed his Concierto como un divertimento for cello and orchestra, and James Galway , for whom Rodrigo composed his Concierto pastoral for flute and orchestra. In 1954 Rodrigo composed Fantasia para un Gentilhombre|Fantasía para un gentilhombre at the request of Andrés Segovia . His Concierto Andaluz, for four guitars and orchestra, was commissioned by Celedonio Romero for himself and his three sons. multiple image| align = right | image1 = Aranjuez MonumentoJoaquinRodrigo1.jpg | width1 = 150 | caption1 = Monument in Aranjuez , Spain | image2 = Joaquin Rodrigo en Rosario.JPG | width2 = 133 | caption2 = Monument in Rosario , Argentina
None of Rodrigo's works, however, achieved the popular and critical success of the Concierto de Aranjuez and the Fantasia para un gentilhombre . These two works are very often paired in recordings.
He was awarded Spain's highest award for composition, the Premio Nacional de Música , in 1983. On 30 December 1991, Rodrigo was raised into the Spanish nobility by Juan Carlos I of Spain|King Juan Carlos I with the hereditary title of Marqués de los Jardines de Aranjuez r|M of A http://boe.es/boe/dias/1991/12/31/pdfs/A42047-42047.pdf ( English language|English : Marquis of the Gardens of Aranjuez). He received the prestigious Prince of Asturias Awards|Prince of Asturias Award & mdash;Spain's highest civilian honor& mdash;in 1996. He was named Commander of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres|Order of Arts and Letters by the France|French government in 1998.
He married Victoria Kamhi , a Turkey|Turkish -born pianist whom he had met in Paris, on 19 January 1933, in Valencia. Their daughter, Cecilia, was born 27& nbsp;January 1941. Rodrigo died in 1999 in Madrid at the age of 97, and was succeeded as Marqués de los Jardines de Aranjuez by his daughter. Joaquín Rodrigo and his wife Victoria are buried at the cemetery at Aranjuez .
Works
Orchestral
Orchestra
* Cinco Piezas Infantiles (1928)
* Per la flor del Lliri Blau , symphonic poem (1934; First Prize, Círculo de Bellas Artes )
* Soleriana (first performance by the Berlin Philharmonic, on August 22, 1953 in Berlin)
* Pavana Real (1955)
Symphonic Wind Ensemble
* Adagio Para Orquesta de Instrumentos de Viento (first public performance in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1966)
Concertante
Cello
* Concierto en modo galante (1949)
* Concierto como un divertimento (1979& ndash;1981)
Flute
* Concierto pastoral (1978)
Guitar
* Concierto de Aranjuez (1939)
* Fantasia para un Gentilhombre|Fantasía para un gentilhombre (1954)
* Concierto madrigal for two guitars (1966)
* Concierto Andaluz for four guitars (1967)
* Concierto para una fiesta (1982)
Harp
* Concierto serenata (1954)
* Sones en la giralda (1963; written as a wedding present for the harpist Marisa Robles )
Piano
* Juglares (1923); first public performance: 1924, Valencia
* Concierto heroico (1943)
Violin
* Canconeta for violin and string orchestra (1923)
* Concierto de estío (1944)
Instrumental
Guitar
* Three Spanish Pieces - Tres Piezas Españolas (Fandango, Passacaglia, Zapateado) (1954)
* Invocación y danza (1961) & mdash; First prize, Coupe International de Guitare, awarded by Office de Radiodiffusion Télévision Française|Office de Radiodiffusion-Télévision Française (ORTF)
* Elogio de la guitarra (1971)
* Two Preludes
* En Los Trigales
* Tiento Antiguo
* Sonata Giocosa
* Toccata
* Sonata a la Española (1963)
Vocal/Choral
Ausencias de Dulcinea (1948); First prize, Cervantes Competition
Cuatro Madrigales Amatorios (1948)
Tres viejos aires de danza (1994)
Villancicos y canciones de navidad (1952); Ateneo de Madrid Prize;
Cuatro canciones sephardies (1965);
El Hijo Fingido , Zarzuela;
Porque toco el pandero
Guitar and Voice
Coplas del Pastor Enamorado (1935)
Tres Canciones Española (1951)
Tres Villancicos (1952)
Romance de Durante (1955)
Folías Canarias (1958)
Aranjuez, ma pensée (1988)
References
reflist|refs= http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00n5404 BBC Radio 4, 20 Oct 2009, The Sound of Magnolias. Irma Kurtz investigates Spanish composer Rodrigo's Concerto de Aranjuez. (Downloadable audio documentary)
" Marquess|Marquis of the Aranjuez|Gardens of Aranjuez "; since 1999, his daughter CeciliaRodrigo Camhi, has been 2nd Marquesa de los Jardines de Aranjuez.
A suite for piano, and "Dos esbozos", suite for piano and violín and Siciliana, for cello
cite paper
| author = Donis, José Antonio | title = The Musicologist Behind the Composer: The Impact of Historical Studies Upon the Creative Life in Joaquín Rodrigo's Guitar Compositions | version = M. Mus. thesis | publisher = Florida State University | date = 2005 | url = http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-06302005-125300/ | format = | accessdate = 2006-07-14
cite book
| last = Kamhi de Rodrigo | first = Victoria | authorlink = | coauthors = translated by Ellen Wilkerson | title = Hand in Hand With Joaquín Rodrigo: My Life at the Maestro's Side | publisher = Latin American Literary Review Press | date = 1992 | location = Pittsburgh | url = | doi = | isbn = 0-935480-51-X
http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html? res=980DEFDE1F38F93AA1575BC0A96F958260 MUSIC; A Composer Who Found Strength in an Inner Vision (Pablo Zinger, August 1999, NY Times)
http://www.editrama.com/ficha.asp? Idcoleccion=6& Idtitulo=72 Grandes personajes, a fondo. Vol. 7
http://www.joaquin-rodrigo.com/100filmse.html Television Productions Rodrigo: Pasos y huellas en la oscuridad
http://joaquin-rodrigo.com/tienda/index.php? main_page=product_info& cPath=68& products_id=384 The Rodrigo Collection - ASIN|B00076YNI2
:DVD containing: http://www.bullfrogfilms.com/catalog/shad.html Shadows and Light documentary, http://www.bullfrogfilms.com/catalog/cda.html Concierto de Aranjuez
http://www.diagonaltv.es/detall_produccio.php? id=16 Concierto De Aranjuez: El Siglo De Joaquín Rodrigo (Diagonal TV!)
http://www.just-video.net/video/joaquin-rodrigo-concierto-de-aranjuez-by-narciso-yepes.html Joaquín Rodrigo - Concierto de Aranjuez by Narciso Yepes
Start boxS-reg|es|- S-newS-ttl|title= Marqués de los Jardines de Aranjuez|Marquis of the Gardens of Aranjuez | years = 30 December 1991& ndash;6 July 1999S-aft|after=Cecilia Rodrigo KamhiEnd box Persondata | NAME =Rodrigo, Joaquín | ALTERNATIVE NAMES = | SHORT DESCRIPTION = | DATE OF BIRTH =November 25, 1901 | PLACE OF BIRTH =Sagunto, Valencia, Spain | DATE OF DEATH =July 6, 1999 | PLACE OF DEATH =Madrid DEFAULTSORT:Rodrigo, Joaquin Category:1901 births Category:1999 deaths Category:People from Sagunto Category:Spanish composers Category:Valencian composers Category:Blind musicians Category:Composers for the classical guitar Category:20th-century classical composers Category:Commandeurs of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres Category:Commanders Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
