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Biography
Infobox musical artist | name = Johnny Clegg| image = JohnnyClegg Huma.jpg| caption = Johnny Clegg at ''la fête de l'Humanité , France, 2007 | image_size =| background = solo_singer| birth_name = Jonathan Clegg| alias = Johnny Clegg Le Zoulou Blanc | birth_date = birth date and age|df=y|1953|6|7| birth_place = Bacup , Lancashire , England | death_date =| origin =| instrument = Human voice|Vocals , guitar , concertina | genre = Mbaqanga , Music of Africa|Afro-pop | occupation =| years_active = 1980& ndash;present| label = Capitol Records | associated_acts = Juluka , Savuka | website = http://www.johnnyclegg.com johnnyclegg.com| current_members =| past_members = Sipho Mchunu (Juluka), Dudu Mntowaziwayo Ndlovu (Savuka)| notable_instruments = Jonathan "Johnny" Clegg (born 7 June 1953) is a musician from South Africa , who has recorded and performed with his bands Juluka and Savuka . Sometimes called Le Zoulou Blanc ("The White Zulu people|Zulu "), he is an important figure in South African popular music history, with songs that mix Zulu language|Zulu with English lyrics, and Music of Africa|African with various Western European music styles.
Early life and career
Clegg was born in Bacup , Lancashire , to an English father and a Rhodesian mother. Clegg's mother's family were Jewish immigrants from Lithuania and Poland, http://www.talkingleaves.com/articles/linernotes.html and Clegg had a "secular Jewish " upbringing. Already in his youth, Clegg, a white, English-speaking person who was raised in the U.K., Israel , Rhodesia (present-day Zimbabwe ), Zambia , and South Africa, became interested in Zulu street music and took part in traditional Zulu dance competitions.
As a young man, in the early stages of his musical career, he combined his music with the study of anthropology , a subject which he also taught for a while at the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg , where he was influenced, among others, by the work of David Webster (anthropologist)|David Webster , a social anthropology|social anthropologist who was assassinated in 1989.
In 1969, Clegg formed the first prominent racially mixed South African band, Juluka , with gardener and Zulu busking|musician Sipho Mchunu . Because it was illegal for racially mixed bands to perform in South Africa during the apartheid era, their first album Universal Men http://www.mg.co.za/articledirect.aspx? articleid=163136& area=%2farchives%2farchives__print_edition%2f Article on Universal Men in the Jo'burg newspaper the Mail & Guardian received no air play on the state owned SABC , but it became a word-of-mouth hit.
Juluka's / Clegg's music was both implicitly and explicitly political; not only was the fact of the success of the band (which openly celebrated African culture in a bi-racial band) a thorn in the flesh of a political system based on racial separation, the band also produced some explicitly political songs. For example, the album "Work for All" (which includes a song with the same title) picked up on Trade unions in South Africa|South African trade union slogans in the mid-80's. Even more explicit was the later Savuka album Third World Child in 1987, with songs like "Asimbonanga" ("We haven't seen him"), http://www.johnnyclegg.com/lyrics/thirdworld.html#2 Asimbonanga Lyrics which called for the release of Nelson Mandela , and which called out the names of three representative martyrs of the South African liberation struggle - Steve Biko , Victoria Mxenge , and Neil Aggett .
As a result, Clegg and other band members were arrested several times and concerts routinely broken up.cite web|url= http://www.mg.co.za/article/2010-11-07-white-father-of-african-rock-marks-anniversary |title=White father of African rock marks anniversary - Mail & Guardian Online |publisher=Mg.co.za |date= |accessdate=2012-05-07
Successes
Juluka were able to tour in Europe, and had two platinum album|platinum and five gold album s, becoming an international success. Juluka was disbanded in 1986, when Mchunu was asked by his father to return home to look after the family cattle, although Mchunu made some solo recordings afterwards. Clegg went on to form his second inter-racial band, Savuka , continuing to blend African music with European influences. The Savuka albums Shadow Man (which sold 250,000 copies within a week after its release went on to sell more than 1,000,000 copies in France alone), http://www.johnnyclegg.com/online/johnnycleggm.htm Biography and "Cruel Crazy, Beautiful World" were dealing with more romantic topics, including "Cruel Crazy Beautiful World", where a father gives a message to his son, "Dela" where the essence of love is explored, and more politically focused songs, such as "Warsaw 1943" and "One (Hu)'man one vote" which go back to political messages. Third World Child and Shadow Man occupied 1st and 2nd position respectively in France and became the most successful foreign band in France and Shadow Man topped the charts in Montréal, Québec , Canada. At the height of the band's success in 1988, Michael Jackson had to cancel his show in Lyon, France, as he attracted a smaller audience than Johnny Clegg and Savuka. A newspaper headline in France read "white man singing black music, out sells black man singing white music" Their last album Heat, Dust and Dreams was nominated for a Grammy Award for best album in the category of World Music .
Touring
Briefly reunited with Mchunu in the mid 1990s, Clegg reformed Juluka and toured throughout the world including a tour of the USA in 1996, on which King Sunny Ade was the opening act.
The name Juluka is based on the Zulu language|Zulu word for "sweat", and Savuka is based on the Zulu word for "we have risen" or "we have awakened".Citation needed|date=September 2008 His song "Scatterlings of Africa" was featured on the soundtrack to the 1988 Academy Award|Oscar winning film , Rain Man . The track gave him his only entry in the UK Singles Chart to date, reaching #75 in May 1987.cite book | first= David | last= Roberts | year= 2006 | title= British Hit Singles & Albums | edition= 19th | publisher= Guinness World Records Limited | location= London | isbn= 1-904994-10-5 | page= 110
Savuka's song "Dela" was featured on the soundtrack of the 1997 film George of the Jungle (film)|George of the Jungle and its 2003 sequel, while "Great Heart" was the title song for the 1992 film Jock of the Bushveld . "Cruel, Crazy, Beautiful World" was featured in the 1990 film Opportunity Knocks (film)|Opportunity Knocks and 1991 film Career Opportunities (film)|Career Opportunities . "Great Heart" was also the end credits song for the 2000 Disney movie ''Whispers: An Elephant's Tale''.Citation needed|date=September 2008 Jimmy Buffett recorded "Great Heart" for his 1988 album Hot Water (Jimmy Buffett album)|Hot Water . In 2002 Clegg provided several songs and incidental background music for Jane Goodall 's "Wild Chimpanzees" DVD. Included in the extras on the disc are rare scenes of Clegg in the recording studio. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0322820/
He co-wrote Diggah Tunnah with Lebo M. for Disney's 2004 direct-to-video animated film The Lion King 1½ .
Clegg and his band often make an international tour during May–August (South African winter). However, the tours are usually limited to France and surrounding countries. In June 2004, Johnny Clegg toured North America for the first time in over eight years, doing 22 concerts in one month. Even though they had no albums for sale in North America during those eight years, and no significant media coverage, they filled most of their venues.
Clegg returned to North America with his band in July 2005, with dates booked throughout the U.S. and Canada. His new album One Life was remixed at Real World Studios in Bath, England , and released on October 30, 2006 in the UK.Citation needed|date=September 2008 In 2008 Clegg's son, Jesse Clegg , displaying a style markedly different from that of his father, released his debut album called "When I Wake Up". As a rock musician the younger Clegg has quickly built up a following, with the album being nominated for two South African Music Awards. http://blogs.thetimes.co.za/music/2009/03/19/sama-nominees-out/ 2009 SAMA Nominees
Clegg toured Europe and North America in 2011.cite web|url= http://www.johnnyclegg.com/tour.html |title=Johnny Clegg tour dates |publisher=Johnnyclegg.com |date= |accessdate=2012-05-07 He has also announced that he will play in Western Sahara city of Dakhla, which has caused a campaign of rejection, as that concert is considered as a support for Moroccan occupation of Western Sahara.cite web|url= http://www.facebook.com/pages/Johnny-Clegg/13529569810 |title=Johnny Clegg |publisher=Facebook |date= |accessdate=2012-05-07
Recognition
Clegg was awarded the Legion d'Honneur| Chevalier des Arts et Lettres (Knight of Arts and Letters) by the Government of France|French Government in 1991.
In 2004, he was voted 23rd in the SABC3's Great South Africans .
In 2007, Clegg received an Honorary degree|honorary doctorate in music from the University of the Witwatersrand . http://web.wits.ac.za/NewsRoom/NewsItems/clegg.htm MEET JOHNNY CLEGG, INTERNATIONALLY RENOWNED MUSICIAN AND WITS ALUMNUS
Bibliography
cite journal|last=Clegg|first=Jonathan|year=1981|title="Ukubuyisa Isidumbu", "Bringing back the body": An examination of the ideology of vengeance in the Msinga and Mpofana Rural Locations, 1822-1944|journal=Working Papers in Southern African Studies|publisher=Ravan Press|location=Johannesburg|volume=2|editor=Phil Bonner
cite journal|last=Clegg|first=Jonathan|year=1981|title=The Music of Zulu Immigrant Workers in Johannesburg: A Focus on Concertina and Guitar|journal=Papers presented at the Symposium on Ethnomusicology|publisher=International Library of African Music|location=Grahamstown|editor=Andrew Tracey
cite journal|last=Clegg|first=Jonathan|year=1982|title=Towards an understanding of African Dance: The Zulu Isishameni Style|journal=Papers read at Second Symposium on Ethnomusicology, 24–26 September 1981, Rhodes University , Grahamstown , South Africa|publisher=Institute of Social and Economic Research|location=Grahamstown|editor=Andrew Tracey
Discography
Albums
Studio albums
1977: World Network 9 (Duo Juluka / Ladysmith Black Mambazo , released 1992)
1979: Universal Men (Juluka)
1981: African Litany (Juluka)
1982: Ubuhle Bemvelo (Juluka)
1982: Scatterlings (Juluka)
1983: Work For All (Juluka)
1984: Stand Your Ground (Juluka)|Stand Your Ground (Juluka)
1984: Musa Ukungilandela (Juluka)
1984: The International Tracks (Juluka)
1985: Third World Child (solo version) (Johnny Clegg)
1987: Third World Child (Savuka)|Third World Child (Savuka)
http://www.scatterlingsclub.com/ Official Johnny Clegg community site
http://worldmusiccentral.org/artists/artist_page.php? id=3202 World Music Central biography
http://launch.groups.yahoo.com/group/scatterlings Scatterlings: a fan-run Yahoo-group that discusses various aspects of Johnny Clegg and his music
http://inmyafricandream.free.fr/ In My African Dream: the Johnny Clegg Discography, and more...
http://www.talkingleaves.com/articles/worlds.html Magazine article (1990) on Johnny Clegg and how his work was shaped by the South Africa context
http://www.talkingleaves.com/pithouse.html Newspaper article looking back at the first Juluka album 21 years after it was released
http://www.chico.mweb.co.za/art/2006/2006dec/061215-zulu.html Newspaper article about new album 'One Life'
Persondata | NAME = Clegg, Johnny | ALTERNATIVE NAMES = Clegg, Jonathon | SHORT DESCRIPTION = South African musician and anti-apartheid icon | DATE OF BIRTH = 7 June 1953 | PLACE OF BIRTH = Bacup, Lancashire, England | DATE OF DEATH = | PLACE OF DEATH = DEFAULTSORT:Clegg, Johnny Category:1953 births Category:Anglo-African people Category:Anti-apartheid activists Category:British Jews Category:Jewish musicians Category:Living people Category:People from Bacup Category:South African anthropologists Category:South African Jews Category:South African musicians Category:South African pop singers Category:White South African people
