Joshua

Music Home >> Music Genres >> Undetermined Music



< < < < < > > > > > More Info on Joshua Similar Undetermined Music Search Artistopia

Biography

Joshua ( Yehôshúa‘ ; , Yusha? ibn Nun ), is a figure in the Torah , being one of the spies for Israel (Num 13-14) and in few passages as Moses's assistant.Michael D. Coogan, "A Brief Introduction to the Old Testament" page 166-167, Oxford University Press, 2009 He is the central character in the Hebrew Bible 's Book of Joshua . According to the books Book of Exodus|Exodus , Book of Numbers|Numbers and Book of Joshua|Joshua , he became the leader of the Israelite tribes after the death of Moses ; his name was '''Hoshe'a the son of Nun (Bible)|Nun , of the tribe of Ephraim , but Moses called him Yehoshu'a (Joshua) () the name by which he is commonly known; and he was born in Egypt prior to the Exodus , and was probably the same age as Caleb , with whom he is occasionally associated.

He was one of the The Twelve Spies|twelve spies of Israel sent by Moses to explore the land of Canaan . () After the death of Moses, he led the Israelite tribes in the conquest of Canaan, and allocated the land to the tribes. According to chronology of the Bible|Biblical chronology , Joshua lived between 1500–1390 BCE, Josephus , Antiquities of the Jews , V.1.28, says that Joshua died twenty years after the conquest of Canaan. or sometime in the late Bronze Age . According to , Joshua died at the age of 110.

Joshua also holds a position of respect to Muslims. According to the Qur’an , he was, along with Caleb , one of the two believing spies whom Moses had sent to spy the land of Canaan . All Muslim s also see Joshua as the leader of the Israelites , following the death of Moses . Although some Muslims see Joshua as a prophet, others view him not as prophet but as a saintly man and great leader. Muslims also believe Joshua to be the "attendant" of Moses mentioned in the Qur’an , before Moses meets Khidr .

Name

The English name Joshua is a rendering of the Hebrew language "Yahoshua", meaning " Yahweh is salvation". A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament Francis Brown, with S.R. Driver and C.A. Briggs, based on the lexicon of William Gesenius. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 221 & 446 The nikud|vocalization of the second name component may be read as Hoshea - the name used in the Torah before Moses added the divine name ().Joshua, New Bible Dictionary , second edition. 1987. Douglas JD, Hillyer N, eds., Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., Wheaton, IL, USA ISBN 0-8423-4667-8

" Jesus (name)|Jesus " is the English of the Greek transliteration of "Yahoshua" via Latin. In the Septuagint , all instances of the word "Yahoshua" are rendered as "" (Iesous), the closest Greek pronunciation of the Aramaic "Yeshua" (, ).cf (and Moses named Hosea, son of Nun, Jesus ) Thus in Greek Joshua is called "Jesus son of Nun" () to differentiate him from Jesus Christ . This is also true in the Slavic languages following the Eastern Orthodox tradition (e.g. "" (Iisús Navín) in Russian).

Narrative of Joshua

Joshua and the Exodus

As Moses' apprentice, Joshua was a major figure in the events of the Exodus. He accompanied Moses part of the way when he ascended Mount Sinai, Egypt|Mount Sinai to receive the Ten Commandments . () He was one of the The Twelve Spies|twelve spies sent by Moses to explore and report on the land of Canaan (), and only he and Caleb gave an encouraging report, a reward for which would be that only these two of the spies would enter the promised land ().
He was commander at their first battle after exiting Egypt, against the Amalekites in Rephidim (), in which they were victorious.

According to , God appointed Joshua to succeed Moses as leader of the Israelites. The first part of the book of Joshua covers the period when he led the conquest of Canaan .

Conquest of Canaan

At the Jordan River , the waters parted, as they had for Moses at the Red Sea. The first battle after the crossing of the Jordan was the Battle of Jericho . Joshua led the destruction of Jericho , then moved on to Ai (Bible)|Ai , a small neighboring city to the west. However, they were defeated with thirty-six Israelite deaths. The defeat was attributed to Achan (Bible)|Achan taking an "accursed thing" from Jericho; and was followed by Achan and his family and animals being stoned to death to restore God's favor. Joshua then went to defeat Ai.

The Israelites faced an alliance of Amorite kings from Jerusalem , Hebron , Jarmuth , Lachish , and Eglon, Canaan|Eglon . At Gibeon (ancient city)|Gibeon Joshua asked God to cause the sun and moon to stand still, so that he could finish the battle in daylight. This event is most notable because "there was no day like that before it or after it, that the LORD hearkened unto the voice of a man: for the LORD fought for Israel." () God also fought for the Israelites in this battle, for he hurled huge hailstones from the sky which killed more Canaanites than those which the Israelites slaughtered. From there on, Joshua was able to lead the Israelites to several victories, securing much of the land of Canaan.

Death

When he was "old and well advanced in years" Joshua convened the elders and chiefs of the Israelites and exhorted them to have no fellowship with the native population because it could lead them to be unfaithful to God., At a general assembly of the clans at Shechem , he took leave of the people, admonishing them to be loyal to their God, who had been so mightily manifested in the midst of them. As a witness of their promise to serve God, Joshua set up a great stone under an oak by the sanctuary of God. Soon afterward he died, at the age of 110, and was buried at Timnath-heres|Timnath Serah , in the hill country of Ephraim, north of Mount Gaash.

Joshua in Islamic history

Joshua is not mentioned by name in the Qur’an , but his name appears in other Islamic literature. His genealogy is given in Islam as ????, the son of Nun (Bible)|Nun , the son of Ephraim , the son of Islamic view of Joseph|???? , the son of Jacob|????? , the son of Isaac , the son of Abraham|??????? . Historical Dictionary of Prophets in Islam and Judaism , B. M. Wheeler, Joshua Although Joshua was regarded by some classical scholars as the prophetic successor to Moses|???? ,Joshua is mentioned as a prophet in Ibn Kathir 's Stories of the Prophets (Ibn Kathir)|Stories of the Prophets others see him as a pious man but not a prophet . Tabari relates in his History of the Prophets and Kings that Joshua was one of the twelve spies and Muslim scholars believe that the two believing spies referred to in the Qur’an are none other than Joshua and Caleb . As Joshua took the leadership of the Israelites after the time of Moses , his role as the first Biblical judges|Judge can be paralleled with that of Abu Bakr (or, in Shia Islam, Ali ) as the first Caliph after the Prophet Muhammad . Joshua was exceptional among the Israelites for being one of the few faithful followers of God .

In the Qur'anic account of the conquest of Canaan , Joshua (and Caleb ) are referenced, but not named, as two "God-fearing men", on whom God "had bestowed His grace" Abdullah Yusuf Ali , '' The Holy Qur'an: Text, Translation and Commentary , Note. 726 to verse 23 : "Among those who returned after spying out the land were two men who had faith and courage. They were Joshua and Caleb. Joshua afterwards succeeded Moses in the leadership after 40 years. These two men pleaded for an immediate entry through the proper Gate, which I understand to mean, "after taking all due precautions and making all due preparations". Cf. 2:189 and n. 203. But of course, they said, they must put their trust in Allah for victory."

Joshua is further mentioned in Islamic literature , and significant events from his Muslim narratives include the crossing of the Jordan river and the conquest of Bait al-Maqdis. Tabari , History of the Prophets and Kings , Vol. I: 414-29, 498-99, 503-516 But Muslim literature also preserves traditions of Joshua not found in the Hebrew Bible . Joshua is credited with being present at Moses's death and literature records that Moses's garments were with Joshua at the time of his departure. Encyclopedia of Islam , Vol. XI, pg. 351, ' Yusha ibn Nun A hadith was narrated from Abu Hurairah that Muhammad said: "Surely, the sun has never been stopped from setting down for a human being except for Joshua..."

Historicity

Joshua's narrative is ascribed to Joshua himself by Bava Batra 15a ( Talmud ) and early church father s. In 1943 Martin Noth published an argument that behind Joshua and other books was a unified " Deuteronomistic history ", composed in the early part of the Babylonian captivity (not long after 606 BCE). Most scholars today believe in some such composite, containing the epic history of the premonarchical period. 2001, p. 100. Gerhard von Rad , another developer of the hypothesis, adds that "comparison of the ancient Near Eastern treaties, especially ... in the 14th and 13th centuries BCE, with passages in the OT has revealed so many things in common between the two, particularly in the matter of form, that there must be some connection between these suzerainty treaties and the ." Kenneth Kitchen states that nearly all treaties in this period follow the pattern of Deuteronomy closely, while first-millennium treaties contrarily but consistently place "witnesses" earlier and omit prologue and blessing sections, requiring classification of the Sinai covenant and its renewals in Joshua with the fourteenth or thirteenth century rather than the sixth.

Although Egypt did not have its former grasp on Canaan, there was a strong presence into the twelfth century, and Philistia took greater control of the southern coastal plain then also ( mentions the Philistines). pp. 155–6, 157–8. The first record of the name Israel occurs in the Merneptah stele , erected for Egyptian Pharaoh Merneptah c. 1209 BCE, "Israel is laid waste and his seed is not."Stager in Coogan 1998, p. 91. William G. Dever|William Dever sees this "Israel" in the central highlands as a cultural and probably political entity, well enough established to be perceived by the Egyptians as a possible challenge to their hegemony, but an ethnic group rather than an organised state.Dever 2003, p. 206. The number of villages in the highlands increased to more than 300 by the end of Iron Age IMcNutt 1999, p. 47. (more and larger in the north), with the settled population rising from 20,000 in the twelfth century to 40,000 in the eleventh.McNutt 1999, p. 70. The villagers probably shared the highlands with other communities such as pastoral nomads, but only villagers left sufficient remains to determine their settlement patterns.McNutt 1999, p. 69. Archaeologists and historians see more continuity than discontinuity between these highland settlements and the preceding Late Bronze Canaanite culture;Bright 2000, p. 472. certain features such as ceramic repertoire and agrarian settlement plans have been said to be distinctives of highland sites,Killebrew 2005, p. 13. and collar-rimmed jars and four-roomed houses have been said to be intrinsically "Israelite," but have also been said to belong to a commonly shared culture throughout Iron I Canaan.Miller 1986, p. 72. While some archaeologists interpret the absence of pig bones from the highland sites as an indicator of ethnicity,Killebrew 2005, p. 176. this is not certain.Bright 2000, p. 473. Villages had populations of up to 300 or 400,Miller 2005, p. 98. which lived by farming and herding and were largely self-sufficient;McNutt 1999, p. 72. economic interchange was prevalent.Miller 2005, p. 99. According to Ann E. Killebrew, "Most scholars today accept that the majority of the conquest narratives in the book of Joshua are devoid of historical reality".Miller 1977, 87–93; Van Seters 1983, 322–37; Schoors 1987, 77-92; Na'aman 1994b, 218-30, 249-50 Popular reviews of the Book of Joshua's sharp contrasts and internal conflictsBrettler 2005, pp. 97–9. arise from "an appreciable difference between defeating a king in battle, and gaining possession of his capital city" ( vs. , , , ); and because "the land was now within the grasp of the Israelites they did not avail themselves fully of that dominion which was within their reach" (, , vs. , ). The question of the degrees of conquest and/or assimilation may not be answered with certainty, as both sides cite a large body of archaeological and other evidence."Introduction to the Old Testament", chapter on Joshua, by T. Longman and R. Dillard, Zondervan Books (2006)

Views

In rabbinical literature

In rabbinic literature|rabbinic Jewish literature Joshua is regarded as a faithful, humble, deserving, wise man. Biblical verses illustrative of these qualities and of their reward are applied to him. "He that waits on his master shall be honored" ( Pro. xxvii. 18) is construed as a reference to Joshua ( Midrash Numbers Rabbah xii.), as is also the first part of the same verse, "Whoso keepes the fig-tree shall eat the fruit thereof" (Midrash Yalk. , Josh. 2; Numbers Rabbah xii. 21). That "honor shall uphold the humble in spirit" ( Pro. xxix. 23) is proved by Joshua's victory over Amalek ( Midrash Numbers Rabbah xiii). Not the sons of Moses& nbsp;— as Moses himself had expected& nbsp;— but Joshua was appointed successor to the son of Amram ( Midrash Numbers Rabbah xii). Moses was shown how Joshua reproved that Othniel Ben Kenaz|Othniel ( Yal? ., Num. 776). Joshua's manliness recommended him for this high post. David referred to him in Psalms 87:25, though without mentioning the name, lest dissensions should arise between his sons and those of his brothers (Yal?., quoting Sifre ).

In Christianity

Among the early Church Fathers , Joshua is considered a typology (theology)|type of Jesus Christ. For instance, just as Moses did not lead the children of Israel into the promised land, but Joshua did, so Moses' law could not lead them into Heaven but the new covenant mediated by Jesus (the same name as "Joshua") could. Epistle to the Hebrews|Hebrews 4:8-10 identifies Jesus as a better Joshua, as Joshua led Israel into the rest of Canaan , but Jesus leads the people of God into "God's rest," salvation.

In later literature

In the Divine Comedy Joshua's spirit appears to Dante in the Heaven of Mars, where he is grouped with the other "warriors of the faith."

Baroque composer Georg Frideric Handel composed an oratorio " Joshua (oratorio)|Joshua " in 1747. Composer Franz Waxman composed an oratorio "Joshua" in 1959.

For a pun ning take on "Joshua, son of Nun," see the 1973 political thriller Joshua Son of None .

In the literary tradition of medieval Europe, Joshua is known as one of the Nine Worthies .

Joshua is a main protagonist in Matthew Woodring Stover 's novel Jericho Moon .

Yahrtzeit

The annual commemoration of Joshua's Yartzeit|yahrtzeit is marked on the 26th of Nisan on the Hebrew calendar . Thousands make the pilgrimage to Kifl Hares on the preceding night.

Copyright Citations

This article is licensed under the GNU License
Click here for original article: Joshua


1. Big Bad Voodoo Daddy 2. The BoDeans 3. James Booker 4. Brodie 5. Big Bill Broonzy 6. Eric Burdon 7. Sam Bush 8. Bruce Carroll 9. Judy Collins 10. John Deacon 11. Roy Hargrove 12. Harry and the Potters 13. Jeremiah 14. Johnny Socko 15. Rickie Lee Jones 16. Scott Joplin 17. Joshua Kadison 18. The Katies 19. Thomas Mapfumo 20. David Meece 21. Pop Will Eat Itself 22. Joshua Redman 23. Martha Reeves 24. The Residents 25. Julie Ruin

Undetermined Music Artists