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Biography
Unreferenced|date=July 2011 Karl Goldmark , also known originally as Károly Goldmark (lang-hu|Goldmark Károly) and later sometimes as Carl Goldmark ; May 18, 1830, Keszthely & ndash; January 2, 1915, Vienna ) was a Hungary|Hungarian composer .
Life and career
Goldmark came from a large Jew ish family, one of 20 children. His father was a chazan to the Jewish congregation at Keszthely , Hungary . His early training as a violinist was at the musical academy of Sopron (1842–44). He continued his music studies there and two years later was sent by his father to Vienna , where he was able to study for some eighteen months with Leopold Jansa before his money ran out. He prepared himself for entry first to the Vienna Technische Hochschule and then to the University of Music and Performing Arts, Vienna|Vienna Conservatory to study the violin with Joseph Böhm and harmony with Gottfried Preyer . The Revolutions of 1848|Revolution of 1848 forced the Conservatory to close down. He was largely self-taught as a composer. He supported himself in Vienna playing the violin in theatre orchestras, at the Carlstheater and the privately supported Viennese institution, the Theater in der Josefstadt , which gave him practical experience with orchestration , an art he more than mastered. He also gave lessons: Jean Sibelius studied with him briefly. Goldmark's first concert in Vienna (1858) met with hostility, and he returned to Budapest, returning to Vienna in 1860.
To make ends meet, Goldmark also pursued a side career as a music journalist. "His writing is distinctive for his even-handed promotion of both Brahms and Wagner, at a time when audiences (and most critics) were solidly in one composer's camp or the other and viewed those on the opposing side with undisguised hostility." (Liebermann 1997) Johannes Brahms and Goldmark developed a friendship as Goldmark's prominence in Vienna grew. Goldmark, however would ultimately distance himself because of Brahms' prickly personality.
Among the musical influences Goldmark absorbed was the inescapable one, for a musical colorist, of Richard Wagner , whose anti-semitism stood in the way of any genuine warmth between them; in 1872 Goldmark took a prominent role in the formation of the Vienna Wagner Society. He was made an honorary member of the Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde , received an honorary doctorate from the Eötvös Loránd University|University of Budapest and shared with Richard Strauss an honorary membership in the Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia|Accademia di Santa Cecilia , Rome.
Goldmark's opera Die Königin von Saba ("The Queen of Sheba"), Op. 27 was celebrated during his lifetime and for some years thereafter. First performed in Vienna on 10 March 1875, the work proved so popular that it remained in the repertory of the Vienna State Opera|Vienna Staatsoper continuously until 1938. He wrote six other operas as well (see list).
The Rustic Wedding Symphony ( Ländliche Hochzeit ), Op. 26 (premiered 1876), a work that was kept in the repertory by Thomas Beecham|Sir Thomas Beecham , includes five movements, like a suite composed of coloristic tone poems: a wedding march with variations depicting the wedding guests, a nuptial song, a serenade, a dialogue between the bride and groom in a garden, and a dance movement.
His Violin Concerto No. 1 (Goldmark)|Violin Concerto No. 1 in A minor, Op. 28, was once his most frequently played piece. The concerto had its premiere in Bremen (city)|Bremen in 1877, initially enjoyed great popularity and then slid into obscurity. A very romantic work, it has a Magyars|Magyar march in the first movement and passages reminiscent of Antonín Dvorák|Dvorák and Felix Mendelssohn|Mendelssohn in the second and third movements. It has started to re-enter the repertoire, through recordings by such prominent violin soloists as Itzhak Perlman and Joshua Bell . Nathan Milstein also championed the work and Milstein's recording of the Concerto (1963) is widely considered the definitive one. Goldmark wrote a second violin concerto, but it was never published.
A second symphony in E-flat, Op. 35, is much less well-known. (Goldmark also wrote an early symphony in C major, between roughly 1858 and 1860. This work was never given an opus number, and only the scherzo seems to have ever been published.)
Goldmark's chamber music, in which the influences of Robert Schumann|Schumann and Felix Mendelssohn|Mendelssohn are paramount, although critically well-received in his lifetime, is now rarely heard. It includes the String Quintet in A minor Op. 9 that made his first reputation in Vienna, the Violin Sonata in D major Op. 25, two Piano Quintet s in B-flat major Opp. 30 and 54, the Cello Sonata Op. 39, and the work that first brought Goldmark's name into prominence in the Viennese musical world, the String Quartet in B-flat Op. 8 (his only work in that genre).
Goldmark also composed choral music, two Suites for Violin and Piano (in D major, Op. 11, and in E-flat major, Op. 43), and numerous concert overture s, such as the Sakuntala Overture Op. 13 (a work which cemented his fame after his String Quartet), the Penthesilea Overture Op. 31, the In the Spring Overture Op. 36, the Prometheus Bound Overture Op. 38, the Sappho Overture Op. 44, the In Italy Overture Op. 49, and the Aus jungendtagen Overture, Op. 53. Other orchestral works include the symphonic poem Zrínyi , Op. 47, and two orchestral scherzos, in E minor, Op. 19, and in A major, Op. 45.
Karl Goldmark's nephew Rubin Goldmark (1872& ndash;1936), a pupil of Antonín Dvorák|Dvorák , was also a composer, who spent his career in New York.
Goldmark died in Vienna and is buried in the Zentralfriedhof (Central Cemetery), along with many other notable composers.
Das Heimchen am Herd (1896), adapted from Dickens 's The Cricket on the Hearth .
Der Fremdling (1897) ("The Changeling")
Die Kriegsgefangene (1899), ("The Prisoner of War") a Trojan War story taking Achilles' captive Briseis as central figure.
Götz von Berlichingen (opera)|Götz von Berlichingen (1902), after Götz von Berlichingen (Goethe)|Goethe's play about the Götz von Berlichingen|historical figure
Ein Wintermärchen (1908), adapted from Shakespeare 's '' The Winter's Tale .
Sturm und Drang , nine characteristic pieces, Op. 5
Three Pieces for Piano Duet, Op. 12
Hungarian Dances for Piano Duet, Op. 22 (later orchestrated by the composer)
Zwei Novelletten , Op. 29
Georginen , six pieces, Op. 52
Choral works
Regenlied for unaccompanied chorus, Op. 10
Two Pieces for unaccompanied men's chorus, Op. 14
Frühlingsnetz for men's chorus, 4 horns, and piano, Op. 15
Meeresstille und glückliche Fahrt for men's chorus and horns, Op. 16
Two Pieces for unaccompanied men's chorus, Op. 17
Frühlingshymne for contralto, chorus, and orchestra, Op. 23
Im Fuschertal , a set of six choral songs, Op. 24
Psalm CXIII for solo voices, chorus, and orchestra, Op. 40
Two Pieces for unaccompanied men's chorus, Op. 41
Two Four-Part Songs with piano accompaniment, Op. 42
Lieder
12 Gesänge, Op. 18
Beschwörung, Op. 20
4 Lieder, Op. 21
7 Lieder aus dem ‘Wilden Jäger’, Op. 32
4 Lieder, Op. 34
8 Lieder, Op. 37 (Leipzig, 1888 or 1889);
Wer sich die Musik erkiest (for piano and four solo voices), Op. 42
6 Lieder, Op. 46
External links
Commons category|Károly Goldmark
Wayback|url= http://www.americansymphony.org/dialogues_extensions/99_2000season/1999_12_01/goldmark.cfm|title=Bernard Jacobson, notes on the Violin Concerto - Archive Copy|date=20070927190018
http://www.doblinger-musikverlag.at/Komp/index.php? sp=2& kat=1 Doblinger Musikverlag: Composers Find the "Carl Goldmark" entry with the "A - Z" link on the left.
http://editionsilvertrust.com/music-books-h-to-m.htm Carl Goldmark String Quintet, Op.9 and Piano Trio No.2, Op.33 Sound-bites and short bio
IMSLP|id=Goldmark, Carl
See also|Goldmark Persondata | NAME = Goldmark, Karl | ALTERNATIVE NAMES = Goldmark, Károly; Goldmark, Carl | SHORT DESCRIPTION = Hungarian composer | DATE OF BIRTH = 18 May 1830 | PLACE OF BIRTH = Keszthely | DATE OF DEATH = 2 January 1915 | PLACE OF DEATH = Vienna DEFAULTSORT:Goldmark, Karl Category:1830 births Category:1915 deaths Category:People from Keszthely Category:People from Vienna Category:People from Leopoldstadt Category:Hungarian Jews Category:Jewish classical musicians Category:Jewish classical composers Category:Hungarian musicians Category:Hungarian composers Category:Romantic composers Category:Opera composers Category:Honorary members of the Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia Category:Burials at the Zentralfriedhof
