Lollapalooza

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Biography

Lollapalooza () is an annual music festival featuring popular alternative rock , Heavy metal music|heavy metal , punk rock and hip hop music|hip hop bands, dance and comedy performances, and craft booths. It has also provided a platform for non-profit and political groups. The music festival hosts more than 160,000 people over a three day period. Lollapalooza has featured a diverse range of bands and has helped expose and popularize artists such as Metallica , Coldplay , Eminem , Depeche Mode , Foo Fighters , Red Hot Chili Peppers , Pearl Jam , The Cure , Primus (band)|Primus , The Killers , Rage Against the Machine , Arcade Fire , Nine Inch Nails , Jane's Addiction , X Japan , Soundgarden , Siouxsie and the Banshees , The Smashing Pumpkins , Muse (band)|Muse , Alice in Chains , Björk , MGMT , Foster the People , Tool (band)|Tool , Hole (band)|Hole , Body Count , Ice-T , 30 Seconds to Mars , The Drums , The Strokes , Arctic Monkeys , Calvin Harris , Thenewno2 , Fishbone and Butthole Surfers .
Conceived and created in 1991 by Jane's Addiction singer Perry Farrell as a farewell tour for his band, Lollapalooza ran annually until 1997, and was revived in 2003. From its inception through 1997, and its revival in 2003, the festival toured North America . In 2004, the festival organizers decided to expand the dates to two days per city, but poor ticket sales forced the 2004 tour to be cancelled.The Associated Press. . USA Today . June 22, 2004. In 2005, Farrell and the William Morris Agency partnered up with Austin, Texas|Austin , Texas -based company Capital Sports Entertainment (now C3 Presents ) and retooled it into its current format as a weekend destination festival in Grant Park (Chicago)|Grant Park , Chicago , Illinois . In 2010 it was announced that Lollapalooza would debut overseas, with a branch of the festival staged in Chile 's capital Santiago, Chile|Santiago on April 2–3, 2011 where they partnered up with Santiago-based company Lotus. In 2011, the company Geo Events confirmed the Brazil ian version of the event, which will be held at the Jockey Club in São Paulo on 7 and 8 April 2012.

Etymology

The word—sometimes alternatively spelled and pronounced as lollapalootza or lalapaloosa —dates from a late 19th/early 20th century American idiomatic phrase meaning "an extraordinary or unusual thing, person, or event; an exceptional example or instance." http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/lollapaloozaIts earliest known use was in 1896. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/lollapalooza In time the term also came to refer to a large lollipop.Hilburn, Robert. . Los Angeles Times . July 22, 1991. Farrell, searching for a name for his festival, liked the Phonaesthetics|euphonious quality of the now antiquated term upon hearing it in a Three Stooges short film.Grimes, Taylor and Longton, Jeff. . Billboard (magazine)|Billboard . 2007. Paying homage to the term's double meaning, a character in the festival's original logo holds one of the lollipops.

History

Creation

The inaugural 1991 lineup was made up of artists from various genres, drawing in headliners from post-punk such as Siouxsie and the Banshees to hip hop music|rap such as Ice-T as well as industrial music such as Nine Inch Nails . Another key concept behind Lollapalooza was the inclusion of non-musical features.Parvaz, D. . Seattle Post-Intelligencer . August 23, 2003. Performers like the Jim Rose Circus|Jim Rose Circus Side Show , an alternative freak show, and the Shaolin Monastery|Shaolin monks stretched the boundaries of traditional rock culture. There was a tent for display of art pieces, virtual reality games, and information tables for political and environmental non-profit groups promoting counter-culture and political awareness.Wiederhorn, Jon. . MTV|MTV.com . January 15, 2003.

Success and decline

It was at Lollapalooza where Farrell coined the term "Alternative Nation".di Perna, Alan. "Brave Noise& mdash;The History of Alternative Rock Guitar". Guitar World . December 1995. The explosion of alternative rock in the early 1990s propelled Lollapalooza forward; the 1992 and 1993 festivals leaned heavily on grunge and alternative acts, and usually featured an additional rap artist.Nager, Larry. . The Cincinnati Enquirer . July 13, 2003. Punk rock standbys like Moshing|mosh pit s and crowd surfing became part of the canon of the concerts. These years saw great increases in the participatory nature of the event with the inclusion of booths for open-microphone readings and oratory, television-smashing pits, and tattooing and piercing parlors.Moses, Robert. . The Phoenix (newspaper)|The Phoenix . August 14, 1992.du Pre, Jolie. "2009 Lollapalooza Hits Chicago's Grant Park". Associated Content . August 8, 2009. After 1991, the festival included a second stage (and, in 1996, a third stage) for up-and-coming bands or local acts.Browne, David. . Entertainment Weekly . Jun 25, 1993. Attendee complaints of the festival included high ticket prices as well as the high cost for food and water at the shows.Volpi, Matt. . The Daily Collegian (Penn State)|The Daily Collegian . August 1, 1994. When the festival played at the Alpine Valley festival in East Troy, Wisconsin on August 29, 1992, and also at DTE Energy Music Theatre|Pine Knob Music Theater in Clarkston, Michigan (near Detroit) in 1992, concertgoers ripped up chunks of sod and grass and threw them at each other and at the bands, resulting in tens of thousands of dollars in damages to the venue.

Grunge band Nirvana (band)|Nirvana was scheduled to headline at the festival in 1994, but the band officially dropped out of the festival on April 7, 1994. Nirvana frontman Kurt Cobain 's body was discovered in Seattle , Washington (U.S. state)|Washington the next day. Cobain's widow, Courtney Love , made guest appearances at several shows, including the Philadelphia , Pennsylvania show at Franklin Delano Roosevelt Park|FDR Park (usually taking time given to her by The Smashing Pumpkins vocalist/guitarist Billy Corgan ), speaking to the crowds about the loss, then singing a minimum of two songs. Farrell worked with rock poster artist Jim Evans (artist)|Jim Evans (T.A.Z.) to create a series of posters and the complete graphic decoration for the 1994 event, including two 70& nbsp;ft. tall Buddha statues that flanked the main stage. In 1996, Farrell, who had been the soul of the festival, decided to focus his energy to produce his new festival project, ENIT, and did not participate in producing Lollapalooza. Many fans saw the addition of Metallica in 1996 as going against the practice of featuring "non-mainstream" artists. Moreover, festival cofounder Farrell felt that the group's macho image violated his peaceful vision for the festival, for alternative culture of the early 1990s was generally against macho behavior. For example, see Mimi Schippers, ''Rockin' out of the Box: Gender Maneuvering in Alternative Hard Rock . New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2002. (Especially Chapter 1, and page 14.) Farrell quit the tour in protest.Pillsbury, Glenn T. Damage Incorporated: Metallica and the Production of Musical Identity.'' New York: Routledge, 2006. See page 143. Efforts were made to keep the festival relevant, including more eclectic acts such as country music|country superstar Waylon Jennings and emphasizing more heavily electronica groups like The Prodigy . By 1997, however, the Lollapalooza concept had run out of steam, and in 1998 failed efforts to find a suitable headliner resulted in the festival's cancellation.. Billboard (magazine)|Billboard . April 6, 1998. The cancellation served as a signifier of alternative rock's declining popularity. In light of the festival's troubles that year, Spin (magazine)|Spin said, "Lollapalooza is as comatose as alternative rock right now."Weisbard, Eric. "This Monkey's Gone to Heaven." Spin . July 1998.

Revival and rebirth

In 2003, Farrell reconvened Jane's Addiction and scheduled a new Lollapalooza tour. The festival schedule included venues in 30 cities through July and August. The 2003 tour achieved only marginal success with many fans staying away, presumably because of high ticket prices. Another tour scheduled for 2004 was to consist of a two-day festival taking place in each city. It was cancelled in June due to weak ticket sales across the country.

International expansion

In 2010, it was announced that Lollapalooza would debut in South America, with a branch of the festival staged in Chile 's capital Santiago, Chile|Santiago on April 2–3, 2011. The line up included Kanye West , Jane's Addiction , 30 Seconds to Mars , The National (band)|The National , Manny and Gil The Latin , The Drums , The Killers , Ana Tijoux , Javiera Mena , Fatboy Slim , Deftones , Los Plumabits , Cypress Hill , 311 (band)|311 , The Flaming Lips and many others. http://lineup.lollapalooza.cl/ A Brazil ian version of the event was confirmed in 2011, which will be held at the Jockey Club in São Paulo on 7 and 8 April 2012 and will compete with Rock in Rio, the largest festival in the world, which also takes place in Brazil.

Criticism

Recording engineer and journalist Steve Albini has criticized Lollapalooza for its corporatization of popularized "alternative" music. In a 1993 interview, Albini commented:

Lollapalooza is the worst example of corporate encroachment into what is supposed to be the underground. It is just a large scale marketing of bands that pretend to be alternative but are in reality just another facet of the mass cultural exploitation scheme. I have no appreciation or affection for those bands and I have no interest in that whole circle. If Lollapalooza had Jesus Lizard and the Melvins and Fugazi and Slint then you could make a case that it was actually people on the vanguard of music. What it really is is the most popular bands on MTV that are not heavy metal.

Lollapalooza lineups by year

Copyright Citations

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