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Biography
Biography
Boccherini was born in Lucca , Italy, into a musical family. At a young age he was sent by his father, a cellist and double bass player, to study in Rome. In 1757 they both went to Vienna where they were employed by the court as musicians in the Burgtheater . In 1761 Boccherini went to Madrid , where he was employed by Luis de Borbón y Farnesio, 13th Count of Chinchón|Infante Luis Antonio of Spain , younger brother of King Charles III of Spain|Charles III . There he flourished under royal patronage, until one day when the King expressed his disapproval at a passage in a new trio, and ordered Boccherini to change it. The composer, no doubt irritated with this intrusion into his art, doubled the passage instead, leading to his immediate dismissal. Then he accompanied Don Luis to Arenas de San Pedro , a little town at the Sierra de Gredos|Gredos mountains ; there and in the closest town of Candeleda , Boccherini wrote many of his most brilliant works.
Among his late patrons was the French consul Lucien Bonaparte , as well as King Frederick William II of Prussia|Friedrich Wilhelm II of Prussia , himself an amateur cellist , flautist , and avid supporter of the arts. Boccherini fell on hard times following the deaths of his Spanish patron, two wives, and two daughters, and he died almost in poverty in Madrid in 1805, being survived by two sons. His blood line continues to this day in Spain.Citation needed|date=January 2010 He was buried in the Pontifical Basilica of St. Michael, Madrid|Pontifical Basilica of St. Michael until 1927, when Benito Mussolini repatriated his remains to the Church of San Francesco of his native Lucca .
Works
Much of his chamber music follows models established by Joseph Haydn ; however, Boccherini is often credited with improving Haydn's model of the string quartet by bringing the cello to prominence, whereas Haydn had frequently relegated it to an accompaniment role. Rather, some sources for Boccherini's style are in the works of a famous Italian cellist, Giovanni Battista Cirri , who was born before Boccherini and before Haydn, and in the Spanish popular music.
A virtuoso cellist of high caliber, Boccherini often played violin repertoire on the cello , at Pitch (music)|pitch , a skill he developed by substituting for ailing violinists while touring. This supreme command of the instrument brought him much praise from his contemporaries (notably Pierre Baillot , Pierre Rode , and Bernhard Romberg ), and is evident in the cello parts of his compositions (particularly in the quintets for two cellos, treated often as cello concertos with string quartet accompaniment ).
His wrote a large amount of chamber music, including over one hundred string quintets for two violins, viola and two cellos (a type which he pioneered, in contrast with the then common scoring for two violins, two violas and one cello), a dozen guitar quintets, not all of which have survived, nearly a hundred string quartet s, and a number of string trio s and sonata (music)|sonatas (including at least 19 for the cello ). His orchestral music includes around 30 symphonies and 12 virtuoso cello concerto s.
Boccherini's works have been catalogued by the French musicologist Yves Gérard (born 1932) in the Gérard catalog , published in London (1969), hence the "G" numbers applied to his output.
With a ministerial decree dated 27 April 2006, the Opera Omnia of the composer Luigi Boccherini was promoted to the status of Italian National Edition.
Boccherini's style is characterized by the typical Rococo charm, lightness, and optimism, and exhibits much melodic and rhythmic invention, coupled with frequent influences from the guitar tradition of his adopted country, Spain.
Contemporary revival
Neglected after his death& mdash;the dismissive sobriquet " Haydn 's wife" dates from the nineteenth century& mdash; his works have been gaining more recognition since the late 20th century, in print, record, and concert hall. His "celebrated minuet" ( String_Quintet_in_E_(Boccherini)|String Quintet in E , Op. 11, No. 5 (G 275)) was popularized through its use in the film The Ladykillers . His famous " Musica notturna delle strade di Madrid " (String Quintet in C Major, Op. 30 No. 6, G324), became popular through its use in films such as Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World .
His distinctive compositions for string quintet (two violins, one viola, two celli), long neglected after his death, have been brought back to life by the Boccherini Quintet in the second half of the 20th century, when two of its founding members discovered a complete collection of the first edition of the 141 string quintets in Paris and began playing and recording them around the world.
col-begincol-2multi-listen startmulti-listen item|filename=20091104 Alisa Weilerstein and Sujari Britt - Boccherini's Sonata for Two Cellos in C Major, 1st movement Allegro moderato.theora.ogv|title=Sonata for Two Cellos in C Major, 1st movement Allegro moderato|description= Alisa Weilerstein and Sujari Britt at the White House (2009-11-04)|format= Ogv multi-listen item|filename=20091104 Alisa Weilerstein and Sujari Britt - Boccherini's Sonata for Two Cellos in C Major, 1st movement Allegro moderato.ogg|title=Sonata for Two Cellos in C Major, 1st movement Allegro moderato |description=Audio only version|format= Ogg multi-listen item|filename=BOCCHERINI op27n°3 G303 Mvt1 Moderato assai - Jacques Lochet violin and synthesizer.ogg|title=String Quintet op.27 No 3, first movement|description=Performed by Jacques Lochet, violin and synthesizer (October 2001)|format= Ogg multi-listen item|filename=BOCCHERINI op27n°3 G303 Mvt2 (last) Minuetto - Jacques Lochet violin and synthesizer.ogg|title=String Quintet op.27 No 3, second movement|description=Performed by Jacques Lochet, violin and synthesizer (October 2001)|format= Ogg multi-listen item|filename=BOCCHERINI Op27 No1 G301 Mvt1 Andante con un poco di moto - Jacques Lochet violin and synthesizer.ogg|title=String Quintet op.27 No 1, first movement|description=Performed by Jacques Lochet, violin and synthesizer (November 2001)|format= Ogg multi-listen item|filename=BOCCHERINI Op27 No1 G301 Mvt2 (last) Allegro con moto - Jacques Lochet violin and synthesizer.ogg|title=String Quintet op.27 No 1, second movement|description=Performed by Jacques Lochet, violin and synthesizer (November 2001)|format= Ogg multi-listen item|filename=BOCCHERINI Op10n°5 G269 Mvt3 Allegretto - Jacques Lochet violin and synthesizer.ogg|title=String Quintet Op10 No5, third movement|description=Performed by Jacques Lochet, violin and synthesizer (2001)|format= Ogg multi-listen item|filename=BOCCHERINI Op62n°4 G400 Mvt1 Allegro - Jacques Lochet violin and synthesizer.ogg|title=String Quintet Op62 No4, first movement|description=Performed by Jacques Lochet, violin and synthesizer (2001)|format= Ogg multi-listen item|filename=BOCCHERINI Op62n°4 G400 Mvt2 Larghetto, e con semplicità - Jacques Lochet violin and synthesizer.ogg|title=String Quintet Op62 No4, second movement|description=Performed by Jacques Lochet, violin and synthesizer (2001)|format= Ogg multi-listen item|filename=BOCCHERINI Op62n°4 G400 Mvt3 Tempo di Minuetto - Trio - Jacques Lochet violin and synthesizer.ogg|title=String Quintet Op62 No4, third movement|description=Performed by Jacques Lochet, violin and synthesizer (2001)|format= Ogg multi-listen item|filename=BOCCHERINI Op62n°4 G400 Mvt4 Prestissimo - Jacques Lochet violin and synthesizer.ogg|title=String Quintet Op62 No4, fourth movement|description=Performed by Jacques Lochet, violin and synthesizer (2001)|format= Ogg multi-listen item|filename=BOCCHERINI Op11n°1 G271 Mvt1 Allegro - Jacques Lochet violin and synthesizer.ogg|title=String Quintet Op11 No1, first movement|description=Performed by Jacques Lochet, violin and synthesizer (2001)|format= Ogg multi-listen item|filename=BOCCHERINI Op11n°1 G271 Mvt2 Adagio non tanto - Jacques Lochet violin and synthesizer.ogg|title=String Quintet Op11 No1, second movement|description=Performed by Jacques Lochet, violin and synthesizer (2001)|format= Ogg multi-listen item|filename=BOCCHERINI Op11n°1 G271 Mvt3 Allegro assai - Jacques Lochet violin and synthesizer.ogg|title=String Quintet Op11 No1, third movement|description=Performed by Jacques Lochet, violin and synthesizer (2001)|format= Ogg multi-listen item|filename=BOCCHERINI Op11n°3 G273 Mvt1 Allegro molto - Jacques Lochet violin and synthesizer.ogg|title=String Quintet Op11 No3, first movement|description=Performed by Jacques Lochet, violin and synthesizer (2002)|format= Ogg col-breakmulti-listen item|filename=BOCCHERINI Op11n°3 G273 Mvt2 Larghetto - Jacques Lochet violin and synthesizer.ogg|title=String Quintet Op11 No3, second movement|description=Performed by Jacques Lochet, violin and synthesizer (2002)|format= Ogg multi-listen item|filename=BOCCHERINI Op11n°3 G273 Mvt3 Minuetto - Jacques Lochet violin and synthesizer.ogg|title=String Quintet Op11 No3, third movement|description=Performed by Jacques Lochet, violin and synthesizer (2002)|format= Ogg multi-listen item|filename=BOCCHERINI Op11n°3 G273 Mvt4 Presto - Jacques Lochet violin and synthesizer.ogg|title=String Quintet Op11 No3, fourth movement|description=Performed by Jacques Lochet, violin and synthesizer (2002)|format= Ogg multi-listen item|filename=BOCCHERINI Op11n°2 G272 Mvt1 Allegro molto - Jacques Lochet violin and synthesizer.ogg|title=String Quintet op.11 No 2, first movement|description=Performed by Jacques Lochet, violin and synthesizer (2001)|format= Ogg multi-listen item|filename=BOCCHERINI Op11n°2 G272 Mvt2 Larghetto - Jacques Lochet violin and synthesizer.ogg|title=String Quintet op.11 No 2, second movement|description=Performed by Jacques Lochet, violin and synthesizer (2001)|format= Ogg multi-listen item|filename=BOCCHERINI Op11n°2 G272 Mvt3 Minuetto Allegro - Jacques Lochet violin and synthesizer.ogg|title=String Quintet op.11 No 2, third movement|description=Performed by Jacques Lochet, violin and synthesizer (2001)|format= Ogg multi-listen item|filename=BOCCHERINI Op11n°2 G272 Mvt4 Allegro assai - Jacques Lochet violin and synthesizer.ogg|title=String Quintet op.11 No 2, fourth movement|description=Performed by Jacques Lochet, violin and synthesizer (2001)|format= Ogg multi-listen item|filename=BOCCHERINI Op13n°1 G277 Mvt1 Maestoso - Jacques Lochet violin and synthesizer.ogg|title=String Quintet op.13 No 1, first movement|description=Performed by Jacques Lochet, violin and synthesizer (2002)|format= Ogg multi-listen item|filename=BOCCHERINI Op13n°1 G277 Mvt2 Larghetto con espressione - Jacques Lochet violin and synthesizer.ogg|title=String Quintet op.13 No 1, second movement|description=Performed by Jacques Lochet, violin and synthesizer (2002)|format= Ogg multi-listen item|filename=BOCCHERINI Op13n°1 G277 Mvt3 Minuetto Allegro - Jacques Lochet violin and synthesizer.ogg|title=String Quintet op.13 No 1, third movement|description=Performed by Jacques Lochet, violin and synthesizer (2002)|format= Ogg multi-listen item|filename=BOCCHERINI Op13n°1 G277 Mvt4 Presto - Jacques Lochet violin and synthesizer.ogg|title=String Quintet op.13 No 1, fourth movement|description=Performed by Jacques Lochet, violin and synthesizer (2002)|format= Ogg multi-listen item|filename=BOCCHERINI Op18n°1 G283 Mvt1 Allegro moderato - Jacques Lochet violin and synthesizer.ogg|title=String Quintet op.18 No 1, first movement|description=Performed by Jacques Lochet, violin and synthesizer (2002)|format= Ogg multi-listen item|filename=BOCCHERINI Op18n°1 G283 Mvt2 Grave - Jacques Lochet violin and synthesizer.ogg|title=String Quintet op.18 No 1, second movement|description=Performed by Jacques Lochet, violin and synthesizer (2002)|format= Ogg multi-listen item|filename=BOCCHERINI Op18n°1 G283 Mvt3 Minuetto - Jacques Lochet violin and synthesizer.ogg|title=String Quintet op.18 No 1, third movement|description=Performed by Jacques Lochet, violin and synthesizer (2002)|format= Ogg multi-listen item|filename=BOCCHERINI Op18n°1 G283 Mvt4 Allegro assai - Jacques Lochet violin and synthesizer.ogg|title=String Quintet op.18 No 1, fourth movement|description=Performed by Jacques Lochet, violin and synthesizer (2002)|format= Ogg multi-listen endcol-end
Research
http://www.luigiboccherini.org/boccherinilucca.html Luigi Boccherini (1743-1805) First International Conference in Lucca - CALL FOR PAPERS
http://www.karadar.com/Dictionary/boccherini.html Examples of Boccherini's works at The Classical Music Dictionary
http://www.boadilla.com/pages/boccherini.htm Luigi Boccherini. More extensive biography es icon
Complete list of works at http://www.uquebec.ca/musique/catal/boccherini/bocl.html#Oeuvre University of Quebec. Marked "under construction". fr icon
http://hdl.handle.net/1802/4736 Trios, violins, violoncello, G. 83-88 (From the Sibley Music Library Digital Score Collection)
http://hdl.handle.net/1802/5107 Sonatas, harpsichord, violin, violoncello, G. 143-148 (From the Sibley Music Library Digital Score Collection)
http://www.boccherini.it Luigi Boccherini Music Insitute, Lucca
Persondata | NAME = Boccherini, Luigi | ALTERNATIVE NAMES = | SHORT DESCRIPTION = | DATE OF BIRTH = February 19, 1743 | PLACE OF BIRTH = | DATE OF DEATH = May 28, 1805 | PLACE OF DEATH = DEFAULTSORT:Boccherini, Luigi Category:1743 births Category:1805 deaths Category:People from Lucca Category:Classical era composers Category:Italian composers Category:Composers for cello Category:Composers for the classical guitar Category:Italian classical cellists Category:Deaths from tuberculosis
