Marmalade

Music Home >> Music Genres >> Undetermined Music



< < < < < > > > > > More Info on Marmalade Similar Undetermined Music Search Artistopia

Biography

Marmalade is a fruit preserve made from the juice and peel of citrus|citrus fruits , boiled with sugar and water. The benchmark citrus fruit for marmalade production in Britain is the " Bitter orange|Seville orange " from Spain, Citrus aurantium var. aurantium , thus called because it was originally only grown in Seville in Spain ; it is higher in pectin than orange (fruit)|sweet oranges and therefore gives a good set. The peel has a distinctive bitter taste which it imparts to the marmalade. Marmalade can be made from lemons, limes, grapefruits, mandarins, sweet oranges, bergamot orange|bergamots and other citrus fruits, or any combination thereof. For example, California-style marmalade is made from the peel of sweet oranges and consequently lacks the bitter taste of Seville orange marmalade.

In languages other than English, "marmalade" can mean preserves made with fruit other than citrus. For example, in Spanish the term usually refers to what in English is called jam (and "jalea" is similar to the English jelly ). In Portuguese marmelada applies chiefly to quince#Cultivation and uses|quince jam (from " wikt:marmelo|marmelo ", the Portuguese for wikt:quince|quince ).Wilson, C. Anne. The Book of Marmalade: Its Antecedents, Its History and Its Role in the World Today (Together with a Collection of Recipes for Marmalades and Marmalade Cookery) , University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia. Revised Edition 1999. ISBN 0-8122-1727-6"Marmalade" in Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2001 Douglas Harper apud In Italian language|Italian too, marmellata means every jam and marmalade, as it does Mermelada in Italian-influenced Rioplatense Spanish .

Marmalade recipes include sliced or chopped fruit peel simmered in sugar, fruit juice and water until soft. Marmalade is sometimes described as Fruit preserves#Jam|jam containing fruit peel but manufacturers also produce peel-free marmalade. Marmalade is often eaten on toast for breakfast.

Origins

The Romans learned from the Greeks that quince s slowly cooked with honey would "set" when cool (though they did not know about fruit pectin ). Greek µe??µ???? ( melimelon , "honey fruit") transformed into "marmelo" & mdash;for in Greek µ???? ( melon , "apple") stands for all globular fruits, and most quinces are too astringent to be used without honey. A Roman cookbook attributed to Apicius gives a recipe for preserving whole quinces, stems and leaves attached, in a bath of honey diluted with defrutum & mdash;Roman marmalade. Preserves of quince and lemon appear& mdash;along with rose, apple, plum and pear& mdash;in the Book of ceremonies of the Byzantine Emperor Constantine VII|Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos , "a book that is not only a treatise on the etiquette of imperial banquetting in the ninth century, but a catalogue of the foods available and dishes made from them."Maguelonne -Samat, (Anthea Bell, tr.) A History of Food 2nd ed. 2009, p. 507

Medieval quince preserves, which went by the French name cotignac , produced in a clear version and a fruit pulp version, began to lose their medieval seasoning of spices in the 16th century. In the 17th century, La Varenne provided recipes for both thick and clear cotignac .C. Anne Wilson, The Book of Marmalade: its Antecedents, Its History, and Its Role in the World Today , revised ed., 1999, p.32 & others

In 1524, Henry VIII received a "box of marmalade" from Mr. Hull of Exeter.Public Record Office, Letters and Papers, Foreign & Domestic, of the reign of Henry VIII , vol. VI (1870) p.339, noted by Wilson 1999, p. 31f, and by other writers. As it was in a box, this was likely to have been marmelada , a quince paste from Portugal, still made and sold in southern Europe. Its Portuguese origins from marmalado can be detected in the remarks in letters to Lord Lisle, from William Grett, 12 May 1534, "I have sent to your lordship a box of marmaladoo, and another unto my good lady your wife" and from Richard Lee, 14 December 1536, "He most heartily thanketh her Ladyship for her marmalado".
The extension of "marmalade" in the English language to refer to citrus fruits was made in the 17th century, when citrus first began to be plentiful enough in England for the usage to become common.

In some continental Europe languages, Polish language|Polish for instance, a word sharing a root with "marmalade" refers to all gelled fruit conserves, and those derived from citrus fruits merit no special word of their own. Due to British influence, however, only citrus products may be sold as "marmalade" in the European Union (with certain exceptions), which has led to considerable complaints from those countries.
In Portugal, where the modern use of the word originated, and Brazil "marmelada" refers only to a solid gel-like substance made of quinces. Any other use of the word is considered improper both linguistically and technically.

Etymology

According to the Oxford English Dictionary , "marmalade" appeared in English language in 1480, borrowed from French language|French marmelade which, in turn, came from the Portuguese language|Portuguese marmelada. According to José Pedro Machado’s Dicionário Etimológico da Língua Portuguesa ,"Etymological Dictionary of the Portuguese Language" the oldest known document where this Portuguese word is to be found is Gil Vicente ’s play Comédia de Rubena , written in 1521:

: Temos tanta marmelada
:Que minha mãe vai me dar um pouco Translation: We have so much quince jelly/ That my mother will give me some.

In Portuguese, according to the root of the word, which is marmelo , " quince ", marmelada is a preserve made from quinces, quince cheese . Marmelo in turn derives from Latin melimelum , “honey apple”, Klein’s Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the English Language which in turn comes from the earlier Greek language|Greek µe??µ???? ( melímelon ),, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon , on Perseus Digital Library from "µ???" ( meli ), "honey",
Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon , on Perseus Digital Library + "µ????" ( melon ), "apple"., Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon , on Perseus Digital Library

Dundee Marmalade

The Scotland|Scottish city of Dundee, Scotland|Dundee has a long association with marmalade. In 1797, James Keiller and his mother Janet ran a small sweet and preserves shop in the Seagate section of Dundee; they opened a factory to produce "Dundee Marmalade", a marmalade containing thick chunks of Seville orange rind, a business that eventually prospered.W.M. Matthew, The Keiller Dynasty 1800-1879 narrates the history of Keillers; : offers an abbreviated version. Keillers' well-known claim to have 'invented' orange marmalade in 1797 is debunked by such references as "My wife has made marmalade of oranges for you" in James Boswell|James Boswell's letter to Samuel Johnson|Dr. Johnson of 24 April 1777.

Classical Meisterflötist and American cryptology pioneer Lambros D. Callimahos was a great lover of Dundee marmalade, establishing amongst his students an informal group he called the Dundee Society .

Copyright Citations

This article is licensed under the GNU License
Click here for original article: Marmalade


1. Alan Parsons Project 2. Bix Beiderbecke 3. Richard Hawley 4. NRBQ 5. Rudy Vallee 6. Sugar 7. Baz Luhrmann 8. Nanette Workman 9. LaBelle 10. M%fam 11. 10 cc 12. Beatles, The 13. Cooper 14. David Byron 15. Disco 16. Eric Woolfson 17. Fab Four 18. Fortunes 19. Geraldine Fibbers 20. Gompie 21. Guava 22. Jam 23. Kate DeAraugo 24. Kay Hanley 25. Kenny Nolan

Undetermined Music Artists

Marmalade

Biography

Origins

Etymology

Dundee Marmalade

See also

References

Further reading

External links

Copyright Citations