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Biography
about|the Federalist candidate for president|other persons of the same name or the high school|Rufus King (disambiguation)Infobox senator|name=Rufus King|image name=Rufus King - National Portrait Gallery.JPG|caption = Rufus King by Gilbert Stuart , 1819|width=300px|jr/sr=United States Senator|state= Massachusetts |party= Federalist Party (United States)|Federalist |term_start=March 4, 1813|term_end=March 4, 1825|predecessor= John Smith (New York)|John Smith |successor= Nathan Sanford |term_start2=July 25, 1789|term_end2=May 23, 1796|predecessor2=None|successor2= John Laurance |birth_date=birth date|1755|3|24|birth_place= Scarborough, Maine|Scarborough, Massachusetts (now Maine) |death_date=Death date and age|1827|4|29|1755|3|24|death_place= Jamaica, Queens|Jamaica, Queens, New York |spouse=Mary Alsop King|children = James G. King John Alsop King Charles King (academic)|Charles King Edward King Frederic Gore King|profession= Politician , Lawyer |religion=|signature=Rufus king signature.svg|footnotes=Rufus King (March 24, 1755ndash April 29, 1827) was an United States|American lawyer, politician, and diplomat. He was a delegate for Massachusetts to the Continental Congress . He also attended the Philadelphia Convention|Constitutional Convention and was one of the signers of the United States Constitution on September 17, 1787, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania . He represented New York in the United States Senate , served as Minister to Britain, and was the Federalist Party (United States)|Federalist candidate for both Vice President of the United States|Vice President (1804, 1808) and President of the United States (1816).
Biography
Early life
He was born on March 24, 1755 at Scarborough, Maine|Scarborough which was then a part of Massachusetts but is now in the state of Maine . He was a son of Sabilla Blagden and Richard King, a prosperous farmer-merchant, who had settled at Dunstan Landing in Scarborough, near Portland, Maine , and had made a modest fortune by 1755, the year Rufus was born.
His financial success aroused the jealousy of his neighbors, and when the Stamp Act 1765 was imposed, and rioting became almost respectable, a mob ransacked his house and destroyed most of the furniture. Nobody was punished, and the next year the mob burned down his barn. It was not surprising that Richard King became a loyalist. All of his sons, however, became patriots in the American War of Independence .Ernst, pp. 1& ndash;15.
Career
King attended Dummer Academy (now The Governor's Academy ) and Harvard University|Harvard College , graduating in 1777. He began to read law under Theophilus Parsons , but his studies were interrupted in 1778 when King volunteered for militia (United States)|militia duty in the American Revolutionary War . Appointed a major, he served as an aide to General SullivanCite web |url= http://www.colonialhall.com/king/king.php |title=Biography of Rufus King |author=John Vinci |year=2008 |publisher=Colonialhall.com |accessdate=22 November 2011 in the Battle of Rhode Island .Steven E. Siry. "King, Rufus"; American National Biography Online , February 2000. After the campaign, King returned to his apprenticeship under Parsons.
He was admitted to the bar in 1780 and began a legal practice in Newburyport, Massachusetts . King was first elected to the Massachusetts state assembly in 1783, and returned there each year until 1785. Massachusetts sent him to the Confederation Congress from 1784 to 1787. He was one of the youngest at the conference.
Politics
In 1787, King was sent to the Federal constitutional convention at Philadelphia where he worked closely with Alexander Hamilton on the Committee of Style and Arrangement to prepare the final draft. He returned home and went to work to get the Constitution ratified and to position himself to be named to the U.S. Senate. He was only partially successful. Massachusetts ratified the Constitution, but his efforts to be elected to the Senate failed. Rufus King was good friends with Benjamin Franklin.
At Hamilton's urging, he moved to New York City , and was elected to the New York State Assembly in 1789. When the United States Constitution took effect, the State Legislature disagreed on who should be chosen besides Philip Schuyler for U.S. Senator from New York . Alexander Hamilton endorsed Rufus King as a candidate, thwarting the plans of the prominent Livingston family , who had hoped to place one of their own, James Duane , on the seat. Governor George Clinton (vice president)|George Clinton , looking to cause a rift between the Livingstons and the Schuyler family (Hamilton was Philip Schuyler's son-in-law), discreetly supported King, and as a result he was elected in United States Senate election in New York, 1789|1789 . He was re-elected in United States Senate election in New York, 1795|1795 but resigned on May 23, 1796, having been appointed United States Ambassador to Great Britain|U. S. Minister to Kingdom of Great Britain|Great Britain .
Diplomat and national candidate
King played a major diplomatic role as Minister to the Court of St. James from 1796 to 1803, and again from 1825 to 1826. Although he was a leading Federalist, Thomas Jefferson kept him in office until King asked to be relieved. He successfully settled disputes that the Jay Treaty had opened for negotiation. His term was marked by friendship between the U.S. and Britain; it became hostile after 1805. While in Britain, he was in close personal contact with South American revolutionary Francisco de Miranda and facilitated Miranda's trip to the United States in search of support for his failed 1806 expedition to Venezuela .
He was the unsuccessful Federalist Party (United States)|Federalist Party candidate for Vice President in United States presidential election, 1804|1804 and United States presidential election, 1808|1808 . In United States Senate election in New York, 1813|1813 , he was elected again to the U.S. Senate, and served until March 4, 1819. In New York gubernatorial election, 1816|April 1816 , he lost the election for Governor of New York to the incumbent Daniel D. Tompkins of the Democratic-Republican Party . Later that year, King was nominated by the Federalists in the United States presidential election, 1816 , but lost again. King was the last presidential candidate to be nominated by the Federalists before their collapse at the end of the First Party System of the United States.
In United States Senate election in New York, 1819/1820|1819 , he ran for re-election as a Federalist, but the party was already disbanding and had only a small minority in the New York State Legislature . Due to the split of the Democratic-Republicans, no successor was elected to the U.S. Senate, and the seat remained vacant until January 1820 when King was elected again. Trying to attract the former Federalist voters to their side at the next gubernatorial election in April 1820, both factions of the Democratic-Republican Party supported King, who served another term in the U.S. Senate until March 4, 1825.
Anti-slavery activity
King had a long history of opposition to the expansion of slavery and the slave trade. This stand was a product of moral conviction which coincided with the political realities of New England federalism. While in Congress, he successfully added provisions to the 1785 Northwest Ordinance which barred the extension of slavery into the Northwest Territory .Cite book|last=Purvis |first=Thomas L. |title=A Dictionary of American History |url= http://books.google.com/books? id=556-YcjJYhkC& pg=PA214 |accessdate=23 November 2011 |year=1997 |publisher=Wiley-Blackwell |isbn=978-1-57718-099-9 |pages=214 But he also said he was willing "to suffer the continuance of slaves until they can be gradually emancipated in states already overrun with them." He did not press the issue very hard at this time. At the Constitutional Convention, he indicated that his opposition to slavery was based upon the political and economic advantages it gave to the South, but he was willing to compromise for political reasons.
In 1817, he supported Senate action to abolish the domestic slave trade and, in 1819, spoke strongly for the antislavery amendment to the Missouri statehood bill. In 1819, his arguments were political, economic, and humanitarian; the extension of slavery would adversely affect the security of the principles of freedom and liberty. After the Missouri Compromise , he continued to support gradual emancipation in various ways.Arbena page needed|date=November 2011
Family
Many of King's family were also involved in politics and he had a number of prominent descendants. His brother William King (governor)|William King was the first governor of Maine and a prominent merchant, and his other brother, Cyrus King , was a United States House of Representatives|U. S. Representative from Massachusetts.
His wife Mary Alsop was born in New York on October 17, 1769 and died in Jamaica, New York on June 5, 1819. She was the only daughter of John Alsop , a wealthy merchant, and a delegate for New York to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1776. She was also a great niece of Governor John Winthrop of the Massachusetts Bay Colony . She married Mr. King in New York City on March 30, 1786, he being at that time a delegate from Massachusetts to the Continental Congress then sitting in that city.
Mrs. King was a lady of remarkable beauty, gentle and gracious manners, and well cultivated mind, and adorned the high station, both in England and at home, that her husband's official positions and their own social relations entitled them to occupy. The latter years of her life, except while in Washington, were passed in Jamaica, Long Island, New York.
King died on April 29, 1827 and his funeral was held at his farm in Jamaica, Queens . He is buried in the Grace Episcopal Church Complex (Queens, New York)|Grace Church Cemetery in Jamaica, Queens, New York . http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi? page=gr& GSln=king& GSfn=rufus& GSbyrel=in& GSdyrel=in& GSst=36& GScntry=4& GSob=n& GRid=6473810& Rufus King at Find A Grave The home that King purchased in 1805 and expanded thereafter and some of his farm make up King Park in Queens. The home, called King Manor , is now a museum and is open to the public.
The Rufus King School, also known as P.S. 26, in Fresh Meadows, New York , was named after King, as was the Rufus King Hall on the CUNY Queens College campus and King StreetCite web |url= http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/odd/archives/002071.asp |title=Origins of Madison Street Names |author=Wisconsin Historical Society |authorlink=Wisconsin Historical Society |year=2011 |publisher=Wisconsinhistory.org |accessdate=22 November 2011 in Madison, Wi . Rufus King High School in Milwaukee , Wisconsin is named after his grandson, Rufus King (general)|Rufus King , a general in the American Civil War .
Descendants
Rufus King's descendants number in the thousands today. Some of his notable descendants include;
Dr. C. Loring Brace IV, noted Biological anthropologist.
Gerald Warner Brace , (1901& ndash;1978) was an American writer, educator, sailor and boat builder.
Charles Loring Brace , (1826& ndash;1890) was a philanthropist and was most renowned for founding The Children's Aid Society .
David Crosby , is an American guitarist, singer, and songwriter. He was a founding member of three bands: The Byrds , Crosby, Stills & Nash and CPR (band) .
Floyd Crosby , was an award winning American cinematographer .
Wolcott Gibbs , was an American editor, humorist, theater critic, playwright and author of short stories.
Archibald Gracie III , was a career United States Army officer, businessman, and a graduate of United States Military Academy|West Point . He is well known for being a Confederate States Army|Confederate Brigadier General (CSA)|brigadier general during the American Civil War and for his death during the Siege of Petersburg .
Archibald Gracie IV , was an United States|American writer , amateur historian , real estate investor, and survivor of the sinking of the RMS Titanic|RMS Titanic .
Fleet Admiral (United States)|Fleet Admiral William Halsey, Jr.|William Frederick Halsey, Jr. , United States Navy|USN ,"Halsey", ArlingtonCemetery.net. (called "Bill Halsey" and sometimes known as "Bull" Halsey ), was a U.S. Naval officer and the Commanding officer|commander of the United States Third Fleet during part of the Pacific War against Japan . Earlier, he had commanded the South Pacific Theater during desperate times.
Isabella Beecher Hooker , (1822& ndash;1907) was a leader in the women's suffrage movement and an author.
Charles King (academic) , was an American academic, politician, newspaper editor and the ninth president of Columbia College, Columbia University|Columbia College (now Columbia University ).
Charles King (general)|Charles King , was a United States soldier and a distinguished writer.
James G. King , was an American businessman and Whig Party politician who represented New Jersey's 5th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives . His daughter, Frederika Gore King, married Bancroft Davis .
John Alsop King , was an American politician who served as governor (1857–1859) of New York.
Rufus King (general)|Rufus King , was a newspaper editor, educator, U.S. diplomat, and a Union brigadier general in the American Civil War.
Rufus King, Jr. , was an artillery officer in the Union Army during the American Civil War, and a Medal of Honor recipient.
Ellin Travers Mackay, 2nd wife of composer and lyricist, Irving Berlin .
Alice Duer Miller , was an United States|American writer and poet .
Halsey Minor http://www.readthehook.com/stories/2008/11/27/COVER-amalg.aspx Halsey Minor Read the Hook 27 November 2008 is a technology entrepreneur who founded CNET in 1993.
Mary Alsop King Waddington , was an American author.
Jane Wyatt , was an American actress perhaps best known for her role as the housewife and mother on the television series Father Knows Best and as Amanda Grayson , the human mother of Spock on the science fiction television show, Star Trek .
See also
List of United States political appointments that crossed party lines
U.S. Constitution#Ratification and inauguration|U.S. Constitution , ratification debates, U.S. Constitution#Two new branches|judiciary debates
Notes
Reflist
Primary sources
King Charles R. The Life and Correspondence of Rufus King, 4 vol 1893-97
Ernst, Robert. Rufus King: American Federalist . Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1968
Arbena, Joseph L. "Politics or Principle? Rufus King and the Opposition to Slavery, 1785-1825." Essex Institute Historical Collections (1965) 101(1): 56-77. ISSN 0014-0953
Perkins, Bradford ; The First Rapprochement: England and the United States, 1795-1805 1955.
External links
congbio|K000212
http://www.kingmanor.org King Manor Museum
http://www.historichousetrust.org/museum.php? msmid=5 Historic House Trust of New York, King Manor Museum
http://elections.lib.tufts.edu/aas_portal/index.xq A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825
http://www.gpoaccess.gov/serialset/cdocuments/hd108-222/1st.pdf The members of the 1st United States Congress (took seat on July 25, 1789)
http://www.gpoaccess.gov/serialset/cdocuments/hd108-222/4th.pdf The members of the 4th United States Congress (resigned on May 23, 1796)
S-startS-par|us-senU.S. Senator box|class=3 |state=New York |before= (none) |after= John Laurance |years=1789–1796 |alongside= Philip Schuyler and Aaron Burr U.S. Senator box|state=New York |class=3 |before= John Smith (New York)|John Smith |after= United States Senate election in New York, 1819/1820|vacant |years=1813–1819 |alongside= Obadiah German and Nathan Sanford U.S. Senator box|state=New York |class=3 |before= United States Senate election in New York, 1819/1820|vacant |after= Nathan Sanford |years=1820–1825 |alongside= Nathan Sanford and Martin Van Buren S-dipSuccession box|title= United States Ambassador to Great Britain|United States Minister to Great Britain |before= Thomas Pinckney |after= James Monroe |years=1796–1803 Succession box|title= United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom|United States Minister to the United Kingdom |before= Richard Rush |after= Albert Gallatin |years=1825–1826 S-ppoSuccession box|title= United States Federalist Party|Federalist Party vice presidential candidate |before= Charles Cotesworth Pinckney (1) |after= Jared Ingersoll |years= U.S. presidential election, 1804|1804 (lost), U.S. presidential election, 1808|1808 (lost) Succession box|title= United States Federalist Party|Federalist Party presidential candidate |before= DeWitt Clinton |after= (none) |years= U.S. presidential election, 1816|1816 (lost) S-ref|Technically, Charles Cotesworth Pinckney was a presidential candidate in 1800. Prior to the passage of the Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Twelfth Amendment in 1804, each presidential elector would cast two ballots; the highest vote-getter would become President and the runner-up would become Vice President. Thus, in 1800, the Federalist party fielded two presidential candidates, Pinckney and John Adams , with the intention that Adams be elected President and Pinckney be elected Vice President. United States Constitution signatoriesUSSenNYUS Ambassadors to the UK Persondata | NAME =King, Rufus | ALTERNATIVE NAMES = | SHORT DESCRIPTION = American politician | DATE OF BIRTH =March 24, 1755 | PLACE OF BIRTH = Scarborough, Maine|Scarborough, Massachusetts (now Maine) , United States|USA | DATE OF DEATH =April 29, 1827 | PLACE OF DEATH = Jamaica, Queens|Jamaica, Queens, New York , United States|USA DEFAULTSORT:King, Rufus Category:1755 births Category:1827 deaths Category:Continental Congressmen from Massachusetts Category:Gracie-King family Category:Harvard University alumni Category:Massachusetts lawyers Category:Massachusetts militiamen in the American Revolution Category:Members of the Massachusetts General Court Category:Members of the New York State Assembly Category:New York Federalists Category:New York lawyers Category:People from Scarborough, Maine Category:People from Newburyport, Massachusetts Category:People from New York City Category:United States Senators from New York Category:Ambassadors of the United States to Great Britain Category:Ambassadors of the United States to the United Kingdom Category:United States presidential candidates, 1812 Category:United States presidential candidates, 1816 Category:United States vice-presidential candidates, 1804 Category:United States vice-presidential candidates, 1808 Category:Signers of the United States Constitution Category:New York National Republicans Category:Federalist Party United States Senators
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