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Biography
For|the given name Sarah|Sarah (given name)Other usescitation style|date=November 2010 Sarah or Sara (IPAc-en|icon|'|s|??r|?;cite book |title=Longman pronunciation dictionary |first=John C. |last= Wells |publisher=Longman |location=Harlow, England |year=1990 |isbn=0-582-05383-8 |page=621 entry "Sarah" Hebrew Name|??????|Sara|Sara ISO 259-3 Sarra ; lang-la|Sara; Arabic language|Arabic : lang|ar|???? ) was the wife of Abraham and the mother of Isaac as described in the Hebrew Bible and the Quran . Her name was originally Sarai . According to Book of Genesis|Genesis 17:15 God changed her name to Sarah as part of a Covenant (biblical)|covenant after Hagar (Bible)|Hagar bore Abraham his first son, Ishmael .
The Hebrew name Sarah indicates a woman of high rank and is translated as " princess ".
In the Hebrew Bible and rabbinic literature
Sarah was the wife of Abraham, as well as being his half-sister, the daughter of his father Terah (Genesis 20:12). The Talmud Sanhedrin (tractate)|Sanhedrin 69B identifies Sarai with Iscah , daughter of Abraham's deceased brother Haran (Genesis 11:29), so that Sarah turns out to be the niece of Abraham and the sister of Lot (Bible)|Lot and Milcah . She was also the mother-in-law of Rebecca , her successor. She was considered beautiful to the point that Abraham feared that when they were near more powerful rulers she would be taken away and given to another man. Twice he purposefully identified her as being only his sister so that he would be "treated well" for her sake.Genesis 12:12-13, 20:2 It is apparent that she remained attractive into her later years. Despite her great beauty, she was barren for an unknown reason.Genesis 11:30 She was originally called "Sarai" which is translated "my princess." Later she was called "Sarah" i.e., princess."Genesis 17:15 In Biblical times, the changing of one's name was significant and used to symbolize the binding of a covenant. In this case, God promised to put an end to her barrenness and give her a child (Isaac).Genesis 17:16 Matthew Henry 's Commentary suggests that Sarai="my princess" would refer to a single family and Sarah="a princess" signified one of many, ie many families, in parallel to the change from Abram to Abraham
Pharaoh's harem
On the journey to Egypt, Abraham instructed SaraiSarah is the sister of Abram by another mother and wife of Abraham as described in the Hebrew Bible (the Book of Genesis) and the Quran. In Genesis:17:15 God changes her name to Sarah (princess) "a woman of high rank") as part of the covenant with El Shaddai after Hagar bears Abram his first born son Ishmael. (Hebrew: ??????, Standard Sara Tiberian Sarah ; Arabic: '????, Sarah?; The name Sarai uses the semitic root arai or law and like El has the sense of power, authority, lord, deity, natural law, law as might be expected for the lady of the house. The Hebrew name Sarah indicates a woman of high rank (less than that of 1st wife) and is sometimes translated as "princess" . to identify herself only as his sister, fearing that Pharaoh would kill him in order to take his wife, saying, "I know what a beautiful woman you are. When the Egyptians see you, they will say, 'this is his wife.' Then they will kill me but will let you live. Say you are my sister, so that I will be treated well for your sake and my life will be spared because of you."Genesis 12:11-13, NIV When brought before Pharaoh, Sarai said that Abraham was her brother, and the king thereupon bestowed upon the latter many presents and marks of distinction. Sefer haYashar (midrash)|Sefer haYashar (Book of Jasher), section "Lek Leka". As a token of his love for Sarai the king deeded his entire property to her, and gave her the land of Goshen as her hereditary possession: for this reason the Israelites subsequently lived in that land. Pir?e R. El. xxxvi. It is likely that she acquired her Egyptian maidservant Hagar during this stay. Sarai prayed to God to deliver her from the king, and He thereupon sent an angel, who struck Pharaoh whenever he attempted to touch her. Pharaoh was so astonished at these blows that he spoke kindly to Sarai, who confessed that she was Abraham's wife. The king then ceased to annoy her. According to another version, Pharaoh persisted in annoying her after she had told him that she was a married woman; thereupon the angel struck him so violently that he became ill, and was thereby prevented from continuing to trouble her. Genesis Rabbah xli. 2. According to one tradition it was when Pharaoh saw these miracles wrought in Sarai's behalf that he gave her his daughter Hagar as slave, saying: "It is better that my daughter should be a slave in the house of such a woman than mistress in another house"; Abimelech acted likewise.Genesis Rabbah xlv. 2.Sarai treated Hagar well, and induced women who came to visit her to visit Hagar also. Hagar, when pregnant by Abraham, began to act superciliously toward Sarai, provoking the latter to treat her harshly, to impose heavy work upon her, and even to strike her Genesis Rabbah xlv. 9.
Relations with Hagar
Death
Legends connect Sarah's death with the attempted sacrifice of Isaac,Gen. R. lviii. 5. there being two versions of the story. According to one, Samael came to her and said: "Your old husband seized the boy and sacrificed him. The boy wailed and wept; but he could not escape from his father." Sarah began to cry bitterly, and ultimately died of her grief.Pir?e de Rabbi Eliezer xxxii. According to the other legend, Satan came to Sarah disguised as an old man, and told her that Isaac had been sacrificed. Believing it to be true, she cried bitterly, but soon comforted herself with the thought that the sacrifice had been offered at the command of God. She started from Beer-sheba to Hebron, asking everyone she met if he knew in which direction Abraham had gone. Then Satan came again in human shape and told her that it was not true that Isaac had been sacrificed, but that he was living and would soon return with his father. Sarah, on hearing this, died of joy at Hebron. Abraham and Isaac returned to their home at Beer-sheba, and, not finding Sarah there, went to Hebron, where they discovered her dead. Sefer haYashar (midrash)|Sefer haYashar , section "Wayera". According to the Genesis Rabbah , during Sarah's lifetime her house was always hospitably open, the dough was miraculously increased, a light burned from Saturday evening to Saturday evening, and a pillar of cloud rested upon the entrance to her tent.Genesis Rabbah lx. 15.
New Testament references
The First Epistle of Peter praises Sarah for obeying her husband.1 Peter 3:6, cited in Cite Catholic Encyclopedia|wstitle=Sara Other New Testament references to Sarah are in Romans,Romans 4:19 and 9:9, cited in CathEncy|wstitle=Sara GalatiansGal 4:22-23 and Hebrews.Hebrews 11:11 In Galatians 4, she and Hagar are used as an allegory of the old and new covenants:
"For it is written that Abraham had two sons, one by the slave woman and the other by the free woman. His son by the slave woman was born in the ordinary way; but his son by the free woman was born as the result of a promise. These things may be taken figuratively, for the women represent two covenants. One covenant is from Mount Sinai and bears children who are to be slaves: This is Hagar. Now Hagar stands for Mount Sinai and corresponds to the present city of Jerusalem, because she is in slavery with her children. But the Jerusalem that is above is free, and she is our mother...Now you, brothers, like Isaac, are children of promise...Therefore, brothers, we are not children of the slave woman, but of the free woman." Galatians 4:22-26, 28, 31, NIV
Islam
Sarah ( Arabic language|Arabic : ????, Sara ), the wife of the patriarch and Prophets of Islam|Islamic prophet Islamic view of Abraham|Abraham and the mother of the prophet Islamic view of Isaac|Isaac , is an honoured woman in the Islam ic faith. According to Muslim belief, she was Abraham's first wife. Although not mentioned by name in the Qur'an , she is referenced and alluded to via the story of her husband. She lived with Abraham throughout her life and, although she was barren, God in Islam|God promised her the birth of a prophetic son, Isaac . Muslim tradition holds that Sarah and Abraham had no children. Abraham, however, prayed constantly to God for a son. Sarah, being barren, subsequently gave him her Egyptians|Egyptian handmaiden , Muhammad , Martin Lings, Chapter 1. The House of God , Suhail Academy Publishing Islamic view of Hagar|Hajar ( Hagar (Bible)|Hagar ), to wed as his second wife. Hagar bore Islamic view of Ishmael|Isma'il ( Ishmael ), when Abraham was 86,Bibleverse||Genesis|16:16: "And Abram was fourscore and six years old when Hagar bore Ishmael to Abram." who too would become a prophet of God like his father. Thirteen years later, God announced to Abraham, now a hundred,Bibleverse||Genesis|21:5: "And Abraham was a hundred years old when his son Isaac was born unto him." that barren Sarah would give birth to a second son, Isaac, who would also be a prophet of the Lord. Although the Qur'an does not mention Sarah by name, it mentions the annunciation of the birth of Isaac. The Qur'an mentions that Sarah laughed when the angels gave her the glad tidings of Isaac, which is perhaps why the name Isaac has the root meaning of 'laughter'. http://www.thinkbabynames.com/meaning/1/Isaac Isaac - name meaning, origin Quote|There came Our messengers to Abraham with glad tidings. They said, 'Peace!' He answered, 'Peace!' and hastened to entertain them with a roasted calf. But when he saw their hands went not towards the (meal), he felt some mistrust of them, and conceived a fear of them. They said: "Fear not: We have been sent against the people of Islamic view of Lot|Lut . And his wife was standing (there), and she laughed: But we gave her glad tidings of Isaac, and after him, of Jacob. She said: "Alas for me& #33; shall I bear a child, seeing I am an old woman, and my husband here is an old man? That would indeed be a wonderful thing!"|Qur'an, Sura 11 ( Hud (sura)|Hud ), Ayah|ayat 69-72Cite quran|11|69|e=72|s=nsThere is a necessary clarification that Sara was not annoyed with Hagar but it was the only order from Allah that Abraham bring them in the Arab Desert, there was no water and nothing to eat and the baby Ismael was very thirsty Hagar ran over the Al-Safa and Al-Marwah hills in search of water but she returned to see Ismael again, then ran over the hills again and return again,Hence she rounded ups and down seven times and at last she saw an miracle of Allah that where the baby Ismeal rubbed his feet on the sand a fountain was seeping out from the ground. That was the fountain of Zam-Zam. The second thing is the sacrifice was given by Ismael not Issac and the Ismael was not sacrifice by his soul but a sheep was sent by Allah. It was the symbolic sacrifice that Ibraham was fully ready to kill his son as per Allah s' order, but Allah wanted the spirit of true sacrifice and obedience not the killed body of Ismael.
Tomb of Sarah
Sarah is believed to be buried in the Cave of the Patriarchs (known by Muslims as the Sanctuary of Abraham ). The compound, located in the ancient city of Hebron , is the second holiest site for Jews (after the Temple Mount in Jerusalem ), and is also venerated by Christian s and Muslims, both of whom have traditions which maintain that the site is the burial place of three Biblical couples: Abraham and Sarah, Isaac and Rebecca , and Jacob and Leah . According to the book of Genesis, Abraham purchased the plot of land for her tomb from a man named Ephron the Hittite.Genesis 23 Although some Jews alternatively also believe this to be the burial place for Adam and Eve , this is a view not usually adopted by Christians or Muslims.
Notes
reflist Prophets of the TanakhHonoured women in Islam Category:Biblical matriarchs Category:Burials in Hebron Category:Fertile Crescent Category:Old Testament female saints Category:People celebrated in the Lutheran liturgical calendar Category:Abraham Category:Book of Genesis
