Shri

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Biography

Sri ( Devanagari : ????, IAST ; Sri ), also transliterated as Shri or Shree or shre is a word of Sanskrit origin, used in the Indian subcontinent as polite form of address equivalent to the English "Mr." in written and spoken language, or as a title of veneration for deities (usually translated as "Holy").

Etymology

Sri has the Root (linguistics)|root meaning of radiance, or diffusing light, much like the English word "illuminate". In Sanskrit grammar, Sri has the feminine gender . It is gender-specific in Sanskrit, but the assumption that it is masculine has resulted in the titles of Shrimati (abbreviated Shrimati|Smt ) for married women and Sushri for women ( Ms.|independent of marital status ).

Usage

Sri (also Sree, Shri, Shree, shre, ????) honorific|polite form of address equivalent to the English "Mr." The title is derived from Sanskrit ???????? (sriman). This use may stem from the Puranic conception of prosperity.

Sri is also frequently used as an epithet of some Hindu god s, in which case it is often translated into English as Holy .

Sri Devi (or in short Sri, another name of Lakshmi , consort of Vishnu ) is the devi (goddess) of wealth according to Hindu beliefs. Among today's orthodox Vaishnava s, the English word "Shree" is a revered syllable and is used to refer to Lakshmi as the supreme goddess, while "Sri" or "Shri" is used to address humans.

Sri is one of the names of Ganesha , the Hindu god of prosperity.

Other languages

South and Southeast Asia

Sri is used in most languages of the South Asia|Indian subcontinent and Seri is used in most of the languages of southeast Asia :

Bengali language : ????

Devanagari : ????

Indonesian language|Indonesian : Sri, often used as a title of veneration, however "Sri" also the name of ancient Java rice goddess Dewi Sri

Javanese language treats it as a common part of names in, for example, the name of former Indonesian finance minister Sri Mulyani Indrawati .

Kannada :

Malay language|Malay : Seri, ???

Malayalam : ????

Myanmar language|Myanmar : (). See Tamil language|Tamil below.

Oriya language|Oriya : ????

Punjabi language|Punjabi : ?????

Sinhala language : ?????

Tamil language|Tamil : ???? (Shre) (Shree), its Tamil equivalent ( Thiru ) is also used.

Thai language|Thai Siri () and Thai honorifics#Si/Sri| Sri or Si () (Thai place names below)

Telugu language|Telugu : ????

Place names

The honorific is incorporated into many Location (geography)|place names. A partial list:

Sree Khetra Name of the Puri Jagannath Dham, Orissa . one of the four Dham in Hindu religion .

Sree Mandira ( Oriya language|Oriya :??????????)is a famous Hindu temple dedicated to Jagannath ( Krishna ) and located in the coastal town of Puri in the States and territories of India|state of Orissa , India .

Sri Lanka , an island country at the south tip of India .

Sriperumbudur|Sri Perumbudur , a town in the State of Tamil Nadu

Srirangam|Sri Rangam , an island zone in the city of Tiruchirapalli , in South India .

Srinagar|Sri Nagar where nagar means a city is the capital of the northernmost state of Jammu and Kashmir

Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte the administrative capital of Sri Lanka .

Srivijaya , a former kingdom centered on Sumatra, Indonesia.

Thai honorifics#Si/Sri| Sri (), pronounced and usually transliterated Si in Thailand place names:

: Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya (), formal name of city and province of Ayutthaya (city)|Ayutthaya
: Nakhon Si Thammarat|Nakhon Si Thammarat () city and province
: Sisaket () city and province

Wat Si Saket|Wat Si Saket in Vientiane, Laos.

Bandar Seri Begawan|Bandar Seri Begawan ,

Other current usage

Sri , along with the forms Srimati and Susri , is often used by Hindus, Buddhists, Sikhs and Jains as a respectful affix to the names of celebrated or revered persons.

Another usage is as an emphatic compound (which can be used in multiple: sri sri , or sri sri sri , etc.) in princely styles, notably in Durbar (court)|Darbar Sri, Desai Shri, and Thakur (Indian title)|Thakur Sri or as in Sri Sri Ravi Shankar , a Hindu spiritual Guru and leader.

The honorific can also be applied to objects and concepts that are widely respected, such as the Sikh religious text, the Guru Granth Sahib|Sri Guru Granth Sahib . Similarly, when the Ramlila tradition of reenacting the Ramayana is referred to as an institution, the term Sri Ramlila is frequently used.

Indian Music

Its usage is common as a raga name, either as a prefix or postfix. Some examples are Shree (raga)|Sree , Bagesree, Dhanasree, Malasree, Jayantasree, Ragesree, and Shree ranjani|Sree Ranjani .

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