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Use mdy dates|date=February 2012Redirect|Thirteen||13 (disambiguation)Example farm|date=March 2010Refimprove|date=December 2008Number|number=13|range=10s|cardinal=thirteen|ordinal=th|ordinal text=|numeral= Base 13|tredecimal |factorization= Prime number|prime |prime=|divisor=1, 13|roman=XIII|unicode=|greek prefix=|latin prefix=|bin=1101|oct=15|duo=11|hex=D|misc=Wiktionary|thirteenCommons category|13 (number) 13 ( thirteen IPAc-en|icon|?|?r|'|t|i:|n|) is natural number after 12 (number)|12 and before 14 (number)|14 . It is the smallest number with eight letters in its name spelled out in English. It is also the first of the teens – the numbers 13 through 19 – the ages of teenagers.
In speech, the numbers 13 and 30 are often confused. When carefully enunciated, they differ in which syllable is stress (linguistics)|stressed : 13 IPA-en|??r'ti?n||En-us-thirteen.ogg vs. 30 IPA-en|'??rti|. However, in dates such as 1300 ("thirteen hundred") or when contrasting numbers in the teens, such as 13, 14, 15, the stress shifts to the first syllable: 13 IPA-en|'??rti?n|.
Strikingly similar folkloric aspects of the number 13 have been noted in various cultures around the world: one theory is that this is due to the cultures employing lunar-solar calendars (there are approximately 12.41 lunations per solar year, and hence 12 "true months" plus a smaller, and often portentous, thirteenth month). This can be witnessed, for example, in the " Twelve Days of Christmas " of Western European tradition.Frazier, King of the Bean, and the Festival of Fools. Cited in Thompson, Tok. 2002. http://sms.zrc-sazu.si/En/SMS5/Thompson5.html The thirteenth number: Then, there/ here and now. 'Studia Mythological Slavica 5 , 145–159.
In mathematics
The number 13 is the sixth prime number , and the smallest emirp (prime which is a different prime when reversed).Wells, D. The Penguin Dictionary of Curious and Interesting Numbers , London: Penguin Group. (1987): 67–71. It is also a Fibonacci number , a happy number , and one of only 3 known Wilson prime s.
Since 52 + 122 = 132, (5, 12, 13) forms a Pythagorean triple .
There are 13 Archimedean solid s, and a standard torus can be sliced into 13 pieces with just 3 plane cuts.
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In religion
Roman Catholicism
The apparitions of the Virgin of Fátima in 1917 were claimed to occur on the 13th of six consecutive months.Rosemary Guiley, The Guinness Encyclopedia of Ghosts and Spirits , 1994, p. 215, ISBN 0-85112-748-7.
In Catholic devotional practice, the number thirteen is also associated with Saint Anthony of Padua , since his feast day falls on June 13. A traditional devotion called the http://www.shrineofstanthony.org/novena-to-st-anthony.htm Thirteen Tuesdays of St. Anthony involves praying to the saint every Tuesday over a period of thirteen weeks. Another devotion, http://www.catholicculture.org/culture/liturgicalyear/prayers/view.cfm? id=1236 St. Anthony's Chaplet, consists of thirteen decades of three beads each.
Sikhism
According to famous Sakhi (Evidence) or story of Guru Nanak Dev Ji , when he was an accountant at a town of Sultanpur Lodhi , he was distributing grocery to people and when he gave groceries to the 13th person he stopped there because in Gurmukhi and Hindi the word 13 is called Terah, which means yours. And Guru Nanak Dev Ji kept on saying, "Yours, yours, yours..." remembering God. People reported to the emperor that Guru Nanak Dev Ji was giving out free food to the people. When treasures were checked, there was more money than before.
The Vaisakhi which commemorates the creation of " Khalsa " or pure Sikh was celebrated on April 13 for many years.
Judaism
In Judaism, 13 signifies the age at which a boy matures and becomes a Bar and Bat Mitzvah|Bar Mitzvah , i.e. , a full member of the Jewish faith (is qualified to be counted as a member of Minyan).
The number of Jewish principles of faith|principles of Jewish faith according to Maimonides .
According to Rabbinic Judaism|Rabbinic commentary on the Torah , God has 13 Attributes of Mercy.
The number of circles, or "nodes", that make up Metatron's Cube in Kaballah|Kaballistic teachings.
Zoroastrianism
Evidently the number 13 had been considered sinister and wicked in ancient Iranian civilization and Zoroastrianism; Since beginning of Nourooz trdadition, the 13th day of each new Iranian year is called Sizdah Be-dar and this tradition is still alive among Iranian people both inside modern Iran and abroad. Since Sizdah Be-dar is the 13th day of the year, it is considered a day which evil's power might cause difficulties for people; Therefore people desert the cities and urban areas for one day and camp in the countryside. Even in the current era after 1979 Revolution and despite the wishes of Islamic government this day is officially holiday all over Iran and its traditions are practiced by majority of people.
Other
In Mesoamerican divination, 13 is the number of important cycles of fortune/misfortune (see Trecena ).
13 is the age that adepts usually start to learn Witchcraft.Dubious|date=October 2010
Traditionally, there are 13 witches in a coven . Citation needed|date=October 2010
In a Pentagram with a circle ratio of 13, each arm of the star will equal 12.36, the number of lunar months,days and hours in a solar year. Add the arms together and you get the number of full moons in 5 years.
Many religions have 1 Messiah or Prophet and 12 followers for a total of 13.
Lucky and unlucky
Unlucky 13
Main|Triskaidekaphobia The number 13 is considered to be an unlucky number in some countries. http://urbanlegends.about.com/cs/historical/a/friday_the_13th.htm Charles Stewart Parnell had an irrational fear of the number thirteen Parnell, John Howard Charles Stewart Parnell: A Memoir New York Henry Holt and Company 1914 page 264 The end of the Mayan calendar's 13th Baktun is superstitiously feared as a harbinger of the apocalyptic 2012 phenomenon .cite news| url= http://www.usatoday.com/tech/science/discoveries/story/2011-11-24/mexico-apocalypse-2012-mayans/51387348/1 | work=USA Today | title=Most Popular E-mail Newsletter | date=November 24, 2011 Fear of the number 13 has a specifically recognized phobia , Triskaidekaphobia, a word which was coined in 1911. The superstitious sufferers of triskaidekaphobia try to avoid bad luck by keeping away from anything numbered or labelled thirteen. As a result, companies and manufacturers use another way of numbering or labeling to avoid the number, with hotels and tall buildings being conspicuous examples ( Thirteenth floor ).cite news |last=Fleischman |first =Sid |title=The 13th Floor: A Ghost Story |url= http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/08/18/AR2007081800890.html |publisher=The Washington Post Company |accessdate=July 26, 2008 |date=August 19, 2007 It's also considered to be unlucky to have thirteen guests at a table. Friday the 13th has been considered the unluckiest day of the month.
There are a number of theories behind the cause of the association between thirteen and bad luck, but none of them have been accepted as likely. The number 13, especially Friday the 13th, has long been considered lucky in Judaism, and some think that the general population's fear of 13 stems from anti-semitism.
The hangman's noose
13 turns make a traditional hangman's noose . Anything less would not snap a neck.cn|date=April 2012
The Last Supper
At Jesus Christ's last supper , there were thirteen people around the table, counting Christ and the twelve apostles.
On Friday 13 October 1307, King Philip IV of France ordered the arrest of the Knights Templar .
Full moons
A year which contained 13 full moons instead of 12 posed problems for the monks who were in charge of the calendars. "This was considered a very unfortunate circumstance, especially by the monks who had charge of the calendar of thirteen months for that year, and it upset the regular arrangement of church festivals. For this reason thirteen came to be considered an unlucky number." http://www.space.com/9566-strange-story-sunday-blue-moon.html
However, in a typical century, there will be about 37 years which have 13 full moons compared with 63 years with 12 full moons, and typically every third or fourth year would have 13 full moons, making it a reasonably common occurrence, unlikely to tax monks any more than leap years. http://home.hiwaay.net/~krcool/Astro/moon/fullmoonU.htm
The moon moves 13 degrees around the earth every day. It Takes 13 days to change from Full Moon to New Moon and 13 days to change back with 1 day Full and 1 day New to equal 28 days of the Lunar Cycle.
A repressed lunar cult
In ancient cultures, the number 13 represented femininity, because it corresponded to the number of lunar (menstrual) cycles in a year (13 x 28 = 364 days). The theory is that, as the solar calendar triumphed over the lunar, the number thirteen became anathema.Stan Gooch, Guardians of the Ancient Wisdom (1980)
Lucky 13
see also|Lucky Thirteen (disambiguation) Several successful sports figures have worn the number 13. Park Ji-Sung , South-Korean footballer and midfielder for Manchester United wears number 13. Ozzie Guillén , manager (baseball)|manager of the 2005 World Series|2005 World Series Champion Chicago White Sox , has worn the number throughout his baseball career. Alex Rodriguez began wearing it upon joining the New York Yankees (three, the number he had previously worn, is retired by the Bronx Bombers to honor Babe Ruth ). Dan Marino , an American football player known for passing the 3rd most yards in National Football League|NFL history, wore the number 13. Basketball great Wilt Chamberlain wore the number 13 on his jersey throughout his National Basketball Association|NBA career. Also, FIBA rules require a player to wear the number in international competitions (only numbers from 4 to 15 could be worn, and as there are 12 players, one must wear 13); Chris Mullin (basketball)|Chris Mullin , who wore No.& nbsp;20 in college and No.& nbsp;17 in the NBA, wore No.& nbsp;13 for both (1984 and 1992) of his Olympic appearances. Shaquille O'Neal wore No.& nbsp;13 in 1996; Tim Duncan wore No.& nbsp;13 in 2004. Steve Nash is currently wearing it for the Phoenix Suns . Yao Ming wore it in the 2008 Olympics in Beijing. Mats Sundin , Pavel Datsyuk , Bill Guerin , and Michael Cammalleri wear 13 in the National Hockey League|NHL . One of Iceland's all time best handball players, Sigurður Sveinsson, wore the number 13 when he played for the national team. In association football, both Gerd Müller and Michael Ballack have favoured the number 13, among others.Citation needed
In Italy , 13 is also considered to be a lucky number, although in Campania the expression 'tredici' (meaning 13) is said when one considers their luck to have turned for the worse.
Some people even have 13 tattooed onto them to represent the lucky number.
Music
American born Horror-Punk singer and musician Joseph Poole (Murderdolls) uses the name Wednesday 13 as his stage name, taking "Wednesday" from the girl Wednesday from the Addams Family and 13 from Friday the 13th.
American country-pop singer-songwriter Taylor Swift was born on December 13. She considers 13 her lucky number due to lucky events happening to her when the number appears (her first album going gold in 13 weeks, being seated at awards shows in the 13th seat, row or section). She also wears the number written on her hand at her concerts so she has it with her everywhere she goes.
The heavy metal band, Megadeth , released their 13th studio album entitled TH1RT3EN on November 1, 2011. It consists of 13 tracks including the final song "13".
Famous American country singer and songwriter Johnny Cash first released his song called " http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=dn-OTW-77Uk Number Thirteen".
There are 13 notes, by inclusive counting , in a full chromatic musical octave .
Other
Colgate University also considers 13 to be a lucky number. They were founded in 1819 by 13 men with 13 dollars, 13 prayers and 13 articles.cite web|url= http://www.colgate.edu/DesktopDefault1.aspx? tabid=497& pgID=1200|title=Colgate: History & Traditions|publisher=Colgate University|accessdate=September 1, 2007| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20070814204636/ http://www.colgate.edu/DesktopDefault1.aspx? tabid=497& pgID=1200| archivedate= August 14, 2007 (To this day, members of the Colgate community consider the number 13 a good omen.) In fact, the campus address is 13 Oak Drive in Hamilton (town), New York|Hamilton, New York , and the male a cappella group is called the Colgate 13.
In the Mayan Tzolk'in calendar, trecenas mark cycles of 13 day periods. The pyramids are also set up in 9 steps divided into 7 days and 6 nights, 13 days total.
In a tarot card deck, XIII is the card of Death, usually picturing the Pale horse with its rider.
Coperos
The number 13 in the Coperos religion (small culture in Brazil) is like a God number. All coperos must know that this number can save humankind.
Age 13
It is at this point that a person becomes a Adolescent .
Youngest age a minor can rent or purchase a T rated game by the Entertainment Software Rating Board|ESRB without parental (age 18 or older) consent.
In sports
In rugby league :
Each side has 13 players on the field at any given time.
The jersey number 13 is worn by the starting loose forward or lock forward in most competitions. An exception is in the European Super League , which uses static squad numbering.
The Squad number|jersey number 13 has been retired by several Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada|North American sports teams, usually in honor of past playing greats:
In Major League Baseball :
* The Cincinnati Reds , for Dave Concepción .
In the National Basketball Association|NBA :
* The Charlotte Hornets (NBA)|Charlotte Hornets , for Bobby Phills , who died in a 2000 auto accident while playing for the team. The franchise has continued to honor the number in its current incarnation as the New Orleans Hornets .
* The Golden State Warriors , Los Angeles Lakers , and Philadelphia 76ers , all for Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame|Hall of Famer Wilt Chamberlain .
* The Portland Trail Blazers , for Dave Twardzik .
* The San Antonio Spurs , for James Silas .
In the National Football League|NFL :
* The Miami Dolphins , for Pro Football Hall of Fame|Hall of Famer Dan Marino .
* The New York Jets , for Hall of Famer Don Maynard .
The Toronto Maple Leafs of the National Hockey League|NHL have a policy of not retiring numbers unless the number's bearer either died or suffered a career-ending incident while a member of the team. Other players whose numbers would otherwise be retired instead have their numbers enshrined by the team as "Honoured Numbers", which remain in circulation for future players. The number 13 is currently honoured for Mats Sundin .
In Formula One , the number 13 is not used. As such, the numbering goes 11, 12, 14 , 15 under the current numbering system.
In College athletics|U.S. college athletics , schools that are members of Division I (NCAA)|NCAA Division I are allowed to provide athletic scholarship s to a maximum of 13 men's basketball players in a given season.
In rugby union , the jersey number 13 is worn by one of the two starting centres, usually the outside centre but sometimes the inside centre. One notable outside centre, Ireland national team captain and Leinster star Brian O'Driscoll, has questioned the superstition behind the number in a TV advert by stating it may be an unlucky number but only in the game of Bingo and not for him. it is known as unlucky 13.13 is a prime number and is a prime number backwards too.It also is in the number 1331 (11 cubes) twice as 13 and 31 which is 13 backwards.13 cubed is 2197& #33; which is odd.
In College athletics|U.S. college athletics , Clemson University only scored 13 points to 34 points by the South Carolina Gamecocks .
The number 13 is the most-commonly registered jersey number in modern roller derby .cite web|title=International Rollergirls' Master Roster|work= http://www.twoevils.org/rollergirls/
In TV and films
13 (musical)| 13 (musical) , a 2007 musical
Thirteen (film)| Thirteen (film) , a 2003 American film
Number 13 (film)| Number 13 (film) , an uncompleted Hitchcock 1922 film
13 Tzameti , a 2005 French film ("Tzameti" means "13" in Georgian)
13 Ghosts is a 1960 horror film.
* Thirteen Ghosts a 2001 remake.
Thirteen (House)|Thirteen is the nickname of Dr. Remy Hadley on the American medical drama House (TV series)|House played by Olivia Wilde .
13 Assassins is a 2010 film by Japanese director Takashi Miike
The 13th Warrior is a 1999 historical fiction action film starring Antonio Banderas
District 13 is a 2004 French film (with David Belle )
In other fields
refimprove section|date=December 2007
Cards in a suit.
The number of colonies that formed the United States. The original flag had thirteen stars, one for each state. New stars have since been added whenever a new state joins the union, but the idea of adding stripes for new states was soon dropped, so the American flag to this day has thirteen horizontal stripes: six white ones and seven red ones. But the number thirteen always became a number related to the country's symbols. The Great Seal of the United States|Great Seal is one perfect example, as there have been thirteen:
* Stripes on the Seal's emblem
* Leaves on the olive branch (as well as thirteen olives)
* Arrows in the other grip
* Characters making up the dictum, E Pluribus Unum
* Characters making up the dictum, " Annuit cœptis "
* Breast coverts on the bird
* Layers of bricks in the truncated pyramid
The number of guns in a gun salute to U.S. Army, Air Force and Marine Corps Major Generals, and Navy and Coast Guard Rear Admirals Upper Half.
The number of steps in the gallows.
Thirteen is the nickname for New York City Area Public Broadcasting Service|PBS affiliate WNET-TV .
The number of loaves in a " baker's dozen "
Julius Caesar crossed the Rubicon with the 13th Legion , marking the beginning of Caesar's civil war and the eventual death of the Roman Republic .
Trece is the Spanish word for thirteen; the number 13 is used to identify members of 13th Sureños – chicano gang members in the U.S. that identify themselves with la Eme – the Mexican Mafia.
13 steps is a paragraph of the Final Document (agreed by consensus) of the 2000 Review Conference of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty .
Apollo 13 was the only unsuccessful mission by the United States of America intended to land humans on the moon. The mission launched on April 11, 1970 at 13:13 CST. The explosion of an oxygen tank on April 13, 1970 caused severe problems before the astronauts were able to return to Earth.
The main character in the manga Black Cat (manga)|Black Cat , Train Heartnet , has the Roman numeral thirteen on his chest.
In the manga Bleach (manga)|Bleach , Soul Reapers use the number thirteen in their main military branch, "the thirteen court guard squads."
In the video game series " Kingdom Hearts ", one of the main antagonist groups was called " Organization 13 " (also spelled Organization XIII), even though at one point it had 14 members and only started with six.
Jason Robert Brown 's most recent Broadway musical, 13 (musical)|Thirteen (13) , stars a cast of 13 teenagers.
Thirteen (roller coaster)|Thirteen , stylised as Th13teen, is a steel roller-coaster at Alton Towers theme park in England. The name is a play on superstition around the number, as the ride contains a surprise element, unique from any other coaster in the world.
Thirteen is the name of a custom and cruiser motorcycle magazine that is published in New Zealand. The name Thirteen refers to the letter "M", as it is the 13th letter in alphabet.
Gal13ry (The Gallery 13) is a fine art photography gallery in Asbury Park, NJ
Number 13 is a song by the Pixies on their album Doolittle (1989)
The number 13 is TSE ( Supreme Electoral Court ) Identification Number of the Workers' Party (Brazil)|Workers' Party (Portuguese: Partido dos Trabalhadores), a socialist political party in Brazil.
There are 13 kinds of love triangle s (once discarded all information about the sex of the people involved). http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/TriangRelations
In 12 step programs, 13th stepping is defined as using the fellowship to meet sexual conquests.cn|date=April 2012
